Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? Anti Matter Energy Calculator. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/antimatter-factory-physics-most-expensive-explosive-substance/101948092, Your information is being handled in accordance with the, Get breaking news alerts directly to your phone with our app, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article, Supplied: CERN/Maximilien Brice/Julien MariusOrdan, This man advises his clients that elections, rates and mortgages are invalid, Recreational vaping to be banned, all e-cigarettes to be strictly controlled, Treasurer refuses to confirm reported JobSeeker lift for people over 55, but says targeted support in the budget, Selling the furniture and couch-surfing: Families forced to make 'impossible' decisions amid fears inflation crisis hitting kids, US updates Russian death toll in Ukraine, Twitter glitch logs users out. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. Supposed you have successfully build a special tomahawk missile entirely composed of antimatter, this method of conversion of mass to energy greatly dwarfs any conventional nuclear reactions. Those made at CERN amount to about 1 nanogram. (considering low energy state) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron_annihilation Share Cite Improve this answer Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. It doesn't sound like it should be real, but "it does exist", says Professor Doser,a physicist who studies the properties of antimatterat CERN,the European Council for Nuclear Research. Or a kilogram? Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. There are many hypothetical antimatter weapons, the most well known of which is the antimatter bomb. You'll need a fair bit of antimatter, um, let's see 1 Mt is $4.1\times10^{15} J$ so the Tsar Bomba (in the tested config) at $42MT = 1.72 \times10^{17} J$ It's one antiparticle per hour, approximately," Professor Doser says. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The table below should be taken as an example and not as a precise source of data. Now that you know how to calculate blast radius, you can use the calculator to estimate safety distances. The blast radius is the distance up to which the explosion will have an effect. Since after the Big Bang there was nothing left but matter and antimatter in equal amounts, they should have annihilated everything. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. For a period of time after the Big Bang there was only energy. 2014 The Institute of Makers of Explosives. Privacy Policy. You bet. Which means we shouldnt exist, physicists are still unsure as to why were around. This calculation helps us in finding the pressure loads on objects. The total energy output of the Sun per second. Would it be imperceptible? Sufficiently big detonations can presumably force a bit of fusion, but it is unlikely to be self-sustaining on its own without confinement. A merger of two black holes, resulting in the. Wonder What's Next? It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. And if you're concerned that this work doesn't warrant fooling around with such a violently explosive anti-substance, Professor Doser says there's no need to worry. Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. Cookie Notice Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? Antimatter weapons would be the most destructive and powerful in human history, so why dont they exist? Pro: Clean blasts, little of that nasty radioactive slag. Let's estimate the safety distance for the detonation of bare exposed 0.5kg0.5~\mathrm{kg}0.5kg of TNT. It's not them. We have to double the figure because that's the antimatter mass, and we're converting that mass of antimatter plus an equal mass of matter into energy. "Kiloton" redirects here. [1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). These collisions produce precisely equal amounts of matter and antimatter. [3], The kiloton and megaton of TNT equivalent have traditionally been used to describe the energy output, and hence the destructive power, of a nuclear weapon. A nuclear or positron reactor can make over 900 seconds. This amazing device creates a region of space where the magnetic field gets larger in all directions. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. This is not the first time Big Bang thinking has led to the conclusion that the universe shouldnt exist. You'd think a Galaxy Class Starship would take a chunk out of a nearby planet by comparison. [5], Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion proposes the use of antimatter as a "trigger"[6] to initiate small nuclear explosions; the explosions provide thrust to a spacecraft. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. That's5 thousand trillion euros. Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. We could make this happen if we work at it. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. In other words, antimatter planets, antimatter stars or antimatter galaxies could be a thing. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? Crash it into an iridium block. Hence why I'm thinking they may have tried to say "Nope, 3,000m of Antimatter would really only be an explosion this big" as opposed to "Something as big as your hand would utterly level half of Rome" which is significantly smaller than 3,000m. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. With about 100,000 ships out there, that's a lot of survivors. The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? A typical blast wave has a high-pressure jump, which denotes the wavefront. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? Why 1.810 14 joules? Sorin Bastea, Laurence E. Fried, Kurt R. Glaesemann, W. Michael Howard, P. Clark Souers, Peter A. Vitello, Cheetah 5.0 User's Manual, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007. [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. The same process happens in the human body too, so we're all creating anti-electrons. Gas-expansion and pressure-change effects tend to "freeze" the burn rapidly. Many people have proposed that we disarm all nuclear weapons to make the world safer. This law states that two identical explosives produce similar blast waves but have different sizes, given the conditions, geometry, and scaled distances are identical. Current technology only allows us to store small amounts of antimatter in each Penning trap. If antimatter makes contact with any ordinary matter it will explode, this includes air. What actually happens when an anti-matter projectile collides with matter? The total solar irradiance energy received by Earth in the upper atmosphere per hour. This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. Professor Doser actually thinks matter might be the evil half of this equation, with antimatter being the "good guy". What differentiates living as mere roommates from living in a marriage-like relationship? But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation. A Tsar Bomb? StreamZones.com FineTunedUniverse.com GooToYou.com ICR.org (Article Credit), Big Bang Scientists: Universe Shouldn't Exist. When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. 1 gram of TNT = 2930.76 joules. At least when you think in other literature, something that could fit in your hand could destroy literally an entire country. the algonquin club boston cookies that taste like mcdonaldland cookies 0 Comments 1 View 0 Likes. The main hurdles are the production and storage of large amounts of antimatter. The fictional bomb works by touching 1 gram of matter to 1 gram of antimatter a substance made of sub-atomic particles with properties opposite those of normal matter particles causing. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. Would a kilogram of antimatter be equal to a 500kg bomb of conventional Heavy Exosives? and our An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.1841012 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). An antimatter powered spaceship would have a higher thrust-weight ratio than ones powered by other fuels, which means it could travel faster. You can also compare energy generated from different reactions with respect to the mass of TNT using our energy conversion calculator. Did you get it? Squared it is 89,875,517,900,000,000 or about 9.010 16. Then her family intervened, Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, A year ago, this Australian couple fled Ukraine with their three cats. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? It is a spherical or hemispherical-shaped wave that originates upon the detonation of explosives. But that would miss all the boats, planes and submarines crowding their primitive buoyancy based transportation lanes. There is no antimatter left in the Universe from the Big Bangthat we're aware of, he says. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules (or 4184 joules) of energy are released. If you really need to do this on the cheap, a 400 km asteroid is really quite a bit of overkill and a 100 km asteroid is probably enough to kill all animal life big enough to be interesting to most people although it may not completely sterilize the earth, and your only need 1 metric ton to target earth. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. All of the antiprotons created at Fermilab's Tevatron particle accelerator add up to only 15 nanograms. The damage done to the biosphere here is more due to pressure and heat than radioactivity. How many thermonuclear bombs needed to make a hole from the surface to the Mantle of a planet that is the same size as planet Earth? Has the cause of a rocket failure ever been mis-identified, such that another launch failed due to the same problem? Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. If the Big Bang led to equal parts matter and antimatter forming, these probably would have then bumped into each other, obliterated one another, and then presumably exploded again. The basic principleis that so much energy is concentrated at a single point that it creates mass the mass of matter. But to understand the properties of this mysterious anti-stuff, apparently anti-electrons won't cut it. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? You can also convert entire earth into energy but you have to look for antimatter earth to do it. "We make such minute quantities that even if you were to destroy all the antimatter that we're making in the course of a year, it wouldn't be even enough to boil a cup of tea.". But the point is: antimatter is the opposite of matter. If the null hypothesis is never really true, is there a point to using a statistical test without a priori power analysis? rev2023.5.1.43405. But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. What if I had 1 anti-hydrogen atom or enough antimatter that's equal in "weight" to a hydrogen atom? Space Mechs or Tanks or Planes or Marines - Fighting in space without blowing up each other's starships. It's exactly the same as matter, except all the electrical charges of its component parts are reversed. NASA have actually started planning to use antimatter spaceships to go to space. If those are still fairly small numbers, how big would the Enterprise D exploding really be? This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. Speed it up enormously 3. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. Supposing we had one antimatter bomb (it has to be detonated in one particular location, but it can be as big as necessary, even as big as an entire city), how much antimatter would we need in order to eradicate all animals on Earth? And the final is that it might help us solve a fairly enormous cosmic conundrum: why the material universe exists. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. Use this specific gravity calculator to find the specific gravity of different materials and see whether they will float or sink. But I mean, I'm leaning towards Star Trek being somewhat more accurate, they gloss over how Warp Drive works in the Original Series, but by the time The Next Generation came about in 1987 they explained how Warp Drive works, and then we had a working theory on the Alcubierre Drive by 1994. No, the only way to be sure is to be thorough. Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. . He says an alternative hypothesis is that we're living in a part of the Universe filled with matter but other parts might be full of antimatter. "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. For TNT this has been accurately measured as 4686J/g from a large sample of air blast experiments, and theoretically calculated to be 4853J/g. [9], But, even on this basis, comparing the actual energy yields of a large nuclear device and an explosion of TNT can be slightly inaccurate. That should be a pure gamma output initially, but I'm curious as to what would happen to the atmosphere - what will happen to that much energy, will fission happen and how much life will survive? $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. At the moment of the Big Bang, all the energy of the Universe was concentrated and exploded. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? You could probably reduce your targets from 7 B to a few dozen by targeting, say, the leaders of a few large nations or the microprocessors in their early-warning systems, and let the ensuing nuclear strikes and counter-strikes do the rest. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. This worksheet is primarily designed to assist mining companies in determining if they should submit form 9-4040-A to the U.S. Geological Survey. An explosive, upon detonation, releases a large amount of energy. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. I mean, in the book I read, they had an antimatter device that you could hold in your hand and it would have destroyed I believe the entire Vatican City. [11], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15kt (6.31013J); but an actual explosion of a 15000ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 81013J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[10]. I definitely think #1 is overkill in his answer though. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate . CAUTION The recipethey use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. Today, the cost of producing 1 gram of antimatter is $25 billion, and the rate of production is only at 10 nanograms (maximum) per year. As we learned in real estate, location, location, location. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. To create antimatter you just need to create matter. [1] By way of comparison, the cost of the Manhattan Project (to produce the first atomic bomb) is estimated at US$23 billion in 2007 prices. Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside the brain? The only reason they dont exist yet is because they just so expensive to make. This result eliminates one possible loophole that Big Bang cosmologists were hoping to exploit in an attempt to solve this longstanding problem with their model. The scaling law is a convenient way to estimate the properties of a large explosion using the data from smaller explosions. The blast radius for the 1 kg bare explosive detonation is 130 m. This answer is obtained by using the range safety equation, based on Hopkinson-Cranz Law: The intensity of the blast wave front is inversely proportional to the cube of the distance. There are two surefire ways. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. So it depends on how much anti-matter you have. The recipe they use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: 1. Is it possible to transform energy stored in anti-matter into coherent radiation? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Let's shoot to heat up the atmosphere by 200K; there's no way anyone's surviving that. c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. During this interval, the pressure rises abruptly to a peak value and then decays exponentially over time. Upon an explosive detonation, a shock wave originates and compresses the air, causing an abrupt increase in pressure. (Note that this is not creation out of nothing, but rather the conversion of pre-existing energy into matter.) I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 04:10. Con: You need a lotta bombs. After a bit of number crunching that means agram of antiprotonantimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. The TNT equivalent appears in various nuclear weapon control treaties, and has been used to characterize the energy released in asteroid impacts. You can think of it as matter's evil twin. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. "Perhaps, just under four billion years ago, the Earth could have been hit by asteroids up to 400 kilometers across, forty times bigger than the one that is supposed to have been responsible for the K/T extinctions. "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. The antimatter we produce collides with matter and gets annihilated without us even noticing. >$10^{15}kg$, it's not exactly rocket science. Professor Doser leads a team studying this strange, expensive, explosive stuffin the wonderfully named Antimatter Factory. The human body also releases antimatter. And for my Trekkie friends out there, that also means fusion-poweredwarp driveslike those on Star Trek ships are unlikely to be a thing any time soon. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? WAY too much. Some humans would probably survive this, though. The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. "The best explanation that we have found up to now is to say that there's a slight difference in the properties of particles and antiparticles,"Professor Doser says. This is becoming more and more obvious as time goes by. We must use a bigger bomb. Shock waves Professor Doser once estimated how muchit would cost to make antimatter in large amounts. The gammas then scatter of air molecules, transferring the energy into heat. Also, once in atmosphere, any attempt to shoot down will only damage the containment system and detonate the antimatter. I mean like a lot of people I've looked at the "NukeMap" website and gone "Wow, the Tsar Bomb really is pretty destructive", what would the Enterprise-D crashing into a city look like by comparison. Thankfully, outside the realms of science fiction, we won't see antimatter destroying cities anytime soon. The problem you'll quickly run into is that the Earth is big. Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. [4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? This means that although equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have formed, they weren't quite equal, he adds. We know from the show that they use Deuterium and Anti-Deuterium, so not a "complex" element compared to say, using Uranium and Anti-Uranium. But because these collisions always produce matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts, the universe should, if the Big Bang model were correct, have exactly equal amounts of matter and antimatter. This bomb was only 50 megatons. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. The first is that the technology developed in CERN's Antimatter Factory has been appliedin medical imaging tools calledPET scanners. Q3 is very hard to answer you need to completely overwhelm the gravitational pull of earth so only terraforming don't qualify for millions of pieces. For scenario 1, you'd probably be able to get by with even less just tens of grains per person, targeted at the brain would be enough to cause embolisms. Answer (1 of 3): What would happen if we detonated an antimatter bomb on Earth? They dont allow anything to shake their commitment to the Big Bang story, even the conclusion that our universe shouldnt exist if the Big Bang were true! Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.18410 12 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945).
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