Her art, hope, and prophecy act as a podium for the success of black men but what about women? Johnsons poem is followed by Ishmael by Louis Untermeyer, concerning the role of Jewish soldiers in World War I. Johnson was born Georgia Douglas Camp in Atlanta, Georgia, to Laura Douglas and George Camp. 2. He constructs the distinction between linguistic and, A Sonnet: TO THE MANTLED! first appears on the seventeenth page of the May 1917 edition of, When they becomes colored boys, we run into the traditional boxes surrounding Johnsons verse. Boston, Mass: B. J. Brimmer Company, 1922. Lewis, Jone Johnson. Reading through the lyrics in the edition does not debunk this analysis. To support students in processing this content, ask: What habit of character did you use as you read and discussed this poem? Students may need to draw on perseverance, empathy, and compassion as they read and discuss this content, being sensitive to their own and others reactions to the information presented. Braithwaite, as a scholar, represented a bulwark of upper middle class African American assimilationist values. We have marched from slaverys cabin To the legislative hall. Braithwaite, as a scholar, represented a bulwark of upper middle class African American assimilationist values. Georgia Douglas Johnson was one of the first African-American female playwrights. New York, NY 10008-7082. Braithwaite wished to be known as a scholar, not a black scholar. Introduction. The Heart of a Woman and Other Poems. After discussing the mystery and passion and lack of full emancipation of women, he says, Here, then, is lifted the veil, in these poignant songs and lyrics (vii). Impede my steps, nor countermand;Too long my heart against the groundHas beat the dusty years around,And now at length I rise! , but challenge students to not read their notes but rather practice the conversation cues and natural discussion language structures. 284289. 2019. Black History and Women's Timeline: 1920-1929, Literary Timeline of the Harlem Renaissance, Arna Bontemps, Documenting the Harlem Renaissance, 27 Black American Women Writers You Should Know, The Plays of Georgia Douglas Johnson: From the New Negro Renaissance to the Civil Rights Movement, A Poet's Rowhouse in Northwest Washington Has a Renaissance, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School. We are marching, truly marching Cant you hear the sound of feet? Second, what temporal relation does the reader of the poem have to the text of the poem? Repeated routine: Invite students to reflect on their progress toward the relevant learning targets. . Later in 1917 William Stanley Braithwaite released his Anthology of Magazine Verse For 1917. DuBois,James Weldon Johnson,Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Mary Burrill, and Anne Spencer, met for weekly cultural gatherings, which became known as "The S Street Salon" and "Saturday Nighters.". Or we, like Jessie Fauset in her review of. Johnson describes the abilities of women by illustrating the life of a free bird. After she lost the Department of Labor job in 1934, during the depths of theGreat Depression, Johnson worked as a teacher, librarian, and file clerk in the 1930s and 1940s. African American Authors, 1745-1945: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. The poem, using a racial linguistic code through Mantled, prejudice, and fetters as well as a racial bibliographic code through The Crisis does not at all limit itself in terms of gender. Sentence frames decrease anxiety and increase comprehension and confidence. "; "I agree/disagree because _____. Repeated routine: Follow the same routine as with the previous lessons to review learning targets and the purpose of the lesson, reminding students of any learning targets that are similar or the same as in previous lessons. The dreams of the dreamer Are life-drops that passThe break in the heart To the souls hour-glass. In the Harlem Renaissance community this term would have immediate racial significance. That first collection of poems was important, explains the New Georgia Encyclopedia: In her 1922 collection "Bronze," Johnson responded to early criticism by focusing more on racial issues. Ask students to share out the gists they identify for each stanza. Is there a true, definitive version? There are two ways to approach this sonnet. Scottsdale, AZ 85250. the joyful exiles break forth Into the very star-shine, lo! On page 5 of Johnsons collection, the poem Contemplation opens and closes with the line, We stand mute!, mirroring the line in TO THE MANTLED, While voices, strange to ecstasy, long dumb, / Break forth in major cadences, full sweet. As a final example, the poem Elevation in Johnsons collection speaks of the highways in the soul [] Far beyond earth-veiled eyes. The souls elevation is like the spirit which soars aloft in TO THE MANTLED. This continues. Perhaps she wrote, BUT they will rise, beginning an iterative drafting process that continued until the moment the the envelope was stamped anddropped into the mail. And perhaps in May of 1917 Douglas opened her copy of the NAACPs publication, , to see this poem on page 17, facing the image of Taylor Henson in the article, The Man Who Never Sold an Acre. Perhaps she pulled out a draft and noticed differences: were they mistakes or editorial? WebThe author credits as inspiration the messages of hope, perseverance, survival, and positivity she finds in the work of poets like Countee Cullen, Georgia Douglas Johnson, and Langston Hughes, and she, too, explores these themes in her own poems. To learn more about EL Education, visiteleducation.org, Analyze Structure, Language, and Theme: Hope, Analyze Structure, Language, and Theme: Calling Dreams, End of Unit 1 Assessment: Analyze Structure, Language, and Theme: I Shall Return (Lessons 10-11), Encourage students to create a checklist for a theme paragraph and share it with their partner and then the group. to this version. Woodss piece supplies that which Mantled modifies: suggesting the mantled, colored boys. Poems to integrate into your English Language Arts classroom. As they do so, display the. The garage is now a carriage house, including a wine corridor. / Reft of the fetters, this version proceeds To lift no more her leprous, blinded eye, / Reft of the fetters This shift in modification is key to the central meaning of the text, introducing an ambiguity absent in previousversions. as I fare above the tumult, praying purer air, Let me not lose the vision, gird me, Powers that toss. Well, they are the individuals who typically wear mantles: women. While analyzing poetry may be challenging, additional support throughout the lesson will help ELLs successfully participate in the analysis. The Heart of a Woman and Other Poems. Protocols are an important feature of our curriculum because they are one of the best ways to engage students in discussion, inquiry, critical thinking, and sophisticated communication. edition of TO THE MANTLED would not be wrong to read this poem as a lyric about the oppression of women written by a woman. WebA theme of Georgia Douglas Johnsons poem Calling Dreams is that with determination you can overcome obstacles and realize your dreams. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1987. Print. The cycle of seasons, the tidals of manRevolve in the orb of the infinite plan,We move to the rhythm of ages long done,And each has his hourto dwell in the sun! For the uninitiated, Braithwaite thus accentuates a reading based on gender, suggesting a different answer to our first question: who are the Mantled? In 1922 she published a final version in. This poem is in the public domain. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/georgia-douglas-johnson-3529263. Ask students to Turn and Talk about what they notice about the poems structure: Tell students that as they did with Calling Dreams, they should determine the gist of the couplets, then analyze the gist of each stanza. Many of the images in TO THE MANTLED appear first here. All poems are shown free of charge for educational purposes only in accordance with fair use guidelines. , How is the poem organized? A member of the Harlem Renaissance, Georgia Douglas Johnson wrote plays, a syndicated newspaper column, and four collections of poetry: The Heart of a Woman (1918), Bronze (1922), An Autumn Love Cycle (1928), and Share My World (1962). , as it was concerned with race prejudice; a recognition of keywords like Mantled and prejudice; or the name Georgia Douglas Johnson, a woman. 19 July 1941. Supporting Standards:These are the standards that are incidentalno direct instruction in this lesson, but practice of these standards occurs as a result of addressing the focus standards. This version offers substantial changes to the linguistic code while proposing itself as the definitive version, ordered and organized by Johnson herself. Johnson, as a woman, is delimited to poetic mother, prophesying success for the young men of the race. WebGeorgia Douglas Johnson - 1880-1966 The right to make my dreams come true, I ask, nay, I demand of life, Nor shall fates deadly contraband Impede my steps, nor 2nd: A mother remembers her own hurt at the hands of bullies. . Engage the Learner - W.7.5 (5 minutes), A. & Culture xi, 240 pp. In the next lesson, students will continue analyzing poetry, independently reading and interpreting I Shall Return by Claude McKay for the end of unit assessment as well as collaboratively analyzing works of visual art. Group together those students who may have difficulty understanding the poem, and offer more readings for comprehension, as well as support finding the gist or basic meaning of the words. The dreams of the dreamer Are life-drops that passThe break in the heart To the souls hour-glass. from Lesson 7 because their theme paragraphs address the same prompts as the discussion. The anthology, as a text, encourages reading they as women, mantles as internalized sexism, prejudice as sexism outright, and spirit as the heart of a woman. This is limiting. Remind students of their work generating discussion norms as a class in Unit 1. In 1922 she published a final version in Bronze, a collection of her poetry. A. . Were interested in examining the way the bibliographic codes exert these claims on our attention and the way that the versions of the poem guide what we notice and what we ignore. Meaning: Even shadows have other pretty colors like rose in them. Read the poem aloud, asking students to close their eyes and listen. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Direct students to write their paragraph on the lines on their note-catcher. I can analyze how the structure of "Hope" contributes to its meaning. Review appropriate learning target relevant to the work to be completed in this section of the lesson: Inform students that, as in the previous lesson, they will read and analyze a poem, using the. What are some examples of figurative language the author uses in the poem? . Georgia Douglas Johnsons poem appeared under the title TO THE MANTLED with the citation The Crisis Georgia Douglas Johnson appearing below. In this lesson, students continue that work in groups or partnerships and then independently to continue to develop their skills and increase their independence in preparing for the end of unit assessment. The clues to a contextualized reading of the poem lie in both the citations and the brief biography in the back of the text. Print. Print. One might see the term Mantled in the same way other feminist discourse uses the term Corset a piece of clothing that is constraining, muffling, or veiling. Record the responses on the board: 1st couplet: mistreated children, there is still hope in darkness, 2nd couplet: no difficulty can last forever, 3rd couplet: the oak takes a long time to grow, but nettles and weeds grow quickly, 4th couplet: wait calmly and you can rise at the right time, 5th couplet: time moves according to a plan, 6th couplet: we are connected to the past, and everyone has a time to shine. Remind students of the work they did in the first half of the unit, interpreting language that was made to stand in for or convey another idea. And so the spirit of Douglas lives on. )-1966 Suite 119. She found it difficult to get her works published; most of her anti-lynching writings of the 1920s and 1930s never made it to print at the time, and some have been lost. The speaker is speaking to the frail children of sorrow.) Ask students to use context and background knowledge to determine the meaning of the word frail (weak or sickly). ), What do the last lines of these stanzas have in common? I do not go away with it. Terms of use. Bringing the gifts that my ancestors gave. Invite students who show a greater facility with reading poetry aloud to highlight the poem Hope so it can be read aloud with different voices: sometimes one voice, sometimes two, sometimes groups, and sometimes the whole class. In reading a particular page, we would want to know of the other versions of that page, and the first step in reading would then be to discover what other pages exist with claims on our attention (6). Instead of To lift no more her leprous, blinded eye. Substitute the choral reading for this highlighted reading. She continued writing plays into the era of the civil rights movement, though by that time other Black women writers were more likely to be noticed and published, including Lorraine Hansberry, whose"Raisin in the Sun" playopened on Broadway at the Barrymore Theatre on March 11, 1959, to critical acclaim. The mantle of prejudice is, in some sense, freed just as the spirit is freed. Print. Consult the Analyze Poetry: Hope note-catcher (example for teacher reference) as necessary. There is no mention of race. She challenged both racial and gender barriers to succeed in these areas. Editorial. The Crisis Nov. 1910: 10. Braithwaites art is characterized by care, restraint and exquisite taste. An interested reader might then search for The Heart of a Woman, and Other Poems as a way to further explore Johnsons verse, in an attempt to more deeply understand this term. A turn to page 398 of Braithwaites book shows a brief biography concerning Johnsons birth, education, and her divided interest between writing and housekeeping and her book of poetry. Georgia Douglas Johnsons poem appeared under the title TO THE MANTLED with the citation The Crisis Georgia Douglas Johnson appearing below. Inform students that they will now independently write a paragraph explaining how the poet uses structure and figurative language to develop a theme in Hope. Remind students that they have written similar paragraphs as a class and in pairs over the past few lessons. Print. Print. The Think-Pair-Share protocol is used in this lesson. For independent analysis, ensure that students understand the tasks and grapple with independent work as long as they can before receiving additional support. "The previous owner had turned it into a group house. It is a vision of a freedom manipulating the lexica of race and feminism to plea for a future victory and a reclamation of voices long dumb.. Continue to use the technology tools recommended throughout previous modules to create anchor charts to share with families; to record students as they participate in discussions and protocols to review with students later and to share with families; and for students to listen to and annotate text, record ideas on note-catchers, and word-process writing. How does this structure contribute to the meaning of the poem and the development of its theme? Johnsons tone as framed by the section is one of Exhortation. If an exhortation is a strong plea or encouragement, how can this be prophecy? The New Georgia Encyclopedia describes some of Johnson's most noteworthy plays, as well as the fate of her other theater works: Most of Johnson's plays were never produced and some have been lost, but a number were rehabilitated in a 2006 book by Judith L. Stephens, a professor emeritus at Pennsylvania State University, titled, "The Plays of Georgia Douglas Johnson: From the New Negro Renaissance to the Civil Rights Movement. The poem gives hope by acting as prophecy for a victory already partially won by men like Henson who, though they may not yet soar aloft, have certainly made a name for themselves. Print. I take responsibility for my actions. Invite students to reflect on the habits of character focus in this lesson, discussing what went well and what could be improved next time. Orton wrote in the Post: After three renovations, "the house has reclaimed its capacity to host large and small gatherings," Orton added. When they becomes colored boys, we run into the traditional boxes surrounding Johnsons verse. See the. Print. Johnson died on May 15, 1966, in Washington, D.C., shortly after finishing her "Catalogue of Writings," which chronicled the 28 plays she wrote. Though each version is different, they claim to be the same poem. Hold me, and guard, lest anguish tear my dreams away! The Heart of a Woman by Georgia Douglas Johnson describes the freedom for which women yearn and the shelters in which they are imprisoned. Ask each group to discuss the meaning of the figurative language. Braithwaite encourages this reading. WebGeorgia DouglasJounson Your world is as big as you make it know, for I used to abideQuick FactsIn the narrowest nest in a cornerMy wings pressing close to my sideBut I sighted the distant horizonWhere the sky-line encircled the seaAnd I throbbed with a burning desireTo travel this immensity. WebThe poem has twelve stanzas, and every line ends with a word borrowed from the poem Hope by Georgia Douglas Johnson. . She saw to her sons' education: Henry Johnson Jr. graduated from Bowdoin College and then Howard University law school, while Peter Johnson attended Dartmouth College and Howard University medical school. WebDon't knock at my door, little child, I cannot let you in, You know not what a world this is Of cruelty and sin. Sign Up About This Poem Calling Dreams originally appeared in the January 1920 issue of The Crisis. More by Georgia Douglas Johnson Old Black Men They have dreamed as young men dream Of glory, love and power; They have hoped as youth will hope Of lifes sun-minted hour. That stumble down lifes checkered street. We should first note the linguistic shifts from the first version in The Crisis to this version. In Work Time A, encourage comprehension of the poem by allowing students several minutes to highlight key words (such as unfamiliar vocabulary and also familiar wordspossibly using different colors for known and unknown words). . . Boston, Mass: Small, Maynard, and Company, 1917. She graduated from the Normal School of Atlanta University in 1896. Johnsons poem appears after Willard Wattles six-page The Seventh Vial, which addresses democracy in America and opens with: These are the days when men draw pens for swords (167). 1.We are marching, truly marching Cant you hear the sound of feet? Learn about the charties we donate to. What do you notice about the punctuation of stanzas? (This poem also has rhyming couplets and is organized in stanzasthree instead of two. Johnson graduated from Atlanta University Normal College in 1896. The right to make my dreams come true, I ask, nay, I demand of life,Nor shall fates deadly contraband Georgia Douglas Johnson published her first poems in 1916 in the NAACP's Crisis magazine, and her first book of poetry in 1918, The Heart of a Woman, focusing on the experience of a woman. Jessie Fauset helped her select the poems for the book. In her 1922 collection, Bronze, she responded to early criticism by focusing more . , a collection of her poetry. WebA member of the Harlem Renaissance, Georgia Douglas Johnson wrote plays, a syndicated newspaper column, and four collections of poetry: The Heart of a Woman (1918), Bronze Copyrighted poems are the property of the copyright holders. Imagine the very moment Johnson put the first word to the first page. Pauli Murrays Dark Testament reintroduces a major Black poet. The mantle of prejudice is, in some sense, freed just as the spirit is freed. On the first page, in the title poem, The Heart of a Woman, we see the image of a lone bird behind the bars of captivity attempting to forget it has dreamed of the stars. In. (402) 835-5773. Review of The Heart of a Woman by Georgia Douglas Johnson. The Journal of Negro History Oct. 1919: 467468. Johnsons tone as framed by the section is one of Exhortation. If an exhortation is a strong plea or encouragement, how can this be prophecy? Braithwaite encourages this reading. Poetry from the Harlem Renaissance reflected a diversity of forms and subjects. In the Harlem Renaissance community this term would have immediate racial significance. Note that this poem has rhyming couplets to show how smaller ideas are related. WebGeorgia Douglas Johnson was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1880. Read and Analyze Hope RL.7.2, RL.7.4, RL.7.5 (30 minutes), I can analyze how the structure of Hope contributes to its meaning., I can determine the meaning of figurative language in Hope., I can identify a theme and explain how it is developed over the course of Hope.. Hold me, and guard, lest anguish tear my dreams away! Write a paragraph explaining how the poet uses structure and language to develop a theme be sure to introduce the poem, state the theme and support your interpretation with specific references to the structure and language in the text. Print. Facility with the sentence frames will help them succeed in the discussion and on the assessment. Print. Her home was an important meeting place where leading Black thinkers would come to discuss their lives, ideas, and projects, and, indeed, she came to be known as the "Lady Poet of the New Negro Renaissance.". Henson was born into slavery before starting a wildly successful farm, clearing timber and growing corn. Guide small groups or partners who are struggling to identify and analyze this language. Ask one volunteer to begin the whole class discussion on themes in the poem "Hope" with a question or a statement. For example, do they discuss different ideas, develop similar ideas, tell a story, etc. Tracing the fight for equality and womens rights through poetry. So I wrote Bronze it is entirely racial And so we would argue that Bronze is not entirely racial, but is deeply informed by a black feminist experience. "Biography of Georgia Douglas Johnson, Harlem Renaissance Writer." battered the cordons around me 1880 (? 1st stanza: No night is omnipotent, there must be day! means that night cant last forever or overpower day. Tell us whats going well, share your concerns and feedback. xvi, 525 pp. This is the reading, we propose to crack open, not limiting the text to a black masculinity or a de-racialized femininity, but instead proposing a reading that honors each bibliographic precedent and layers them together. Bronze. Who is the speaker? The first two stanzas end in periods, while the third stanza ends in an exclamation point. By registering with PoetryNook.Com and adding a poem, you represent that you own the copyright to that poem and are granting PoetryNook.Com permission to publish the poem. Write the words Meaning and Purpose below the examples of figurative language to make the task clear. didnt usher these Christian readings to the surface, both the authors note and the structure of the book give us reason to propose them. Soft o'er the threshold of the years there comes this counsel cool: Like Abraham weve had faith in God. How do these examples contribute to the meaning of the poem and develop its theme? Ed. Boston, Mass: Small, Maynard, and Company, 1917. Johnson, as a woman, is delimited to poetic mother, prophesying success for the young men of the race. WebJohnson has held appointments at churches in Texas, New Mexico, Georgia, and Washington. ", Decades after Douglas left the house, "there wasnt much left of its former glory," reporter and editor Kathy Orton wrote in the Post article. The key change is the shift in the fifth line from a period to a comma. Still, she struggled financially after her husband died. Common Core State Standards Text Exemplars. Congratulate students on their work identifying the gists of each stanza and how they build on each other. The Heart of a Bornstein, George. The previous article, The Man Who Never Sold an Acre was written by a certain J.B. Woods about a man named Taylor Henson from Arkansas. And perhaps in May of 1917 Douglas opened her copy of the NAACPs publication, The Crisis, to see this poem on page 17, facing the image of Taylor Henson in the article, The Man Who Never Sold an Acre. Perhaps she pulled out a draft and noticed differences: were they mistakes or editorial? If we have inadvertently included a copyrighted poem that the copyright holder does not wish to be displayed, we will take the poem down within 48 hours upon notification by the owner or the owner's legal representative (please use the contact form at http://www.poetrynook.com/contact or email "admin [at] poetrynook [dot] com"). Material Modernism: The Politics of the Page. 7. After graduation, she taught and worked as an assistant principal. Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1917. An interested reader might then search for. Just as the layout of the page has Johnsons poem supporting the end of Taylor Hensons tale, so her role in this grand narrative is that of aspirational prophet and matron. Don't knock at my heart, little one, I cannot bear the pain Of turning deaf-ear to your call Time and time again! He was born on February 8, 1982 the son of David and Linda (Cropper) 1877-1966).New Georgia Encyclopedia. Kelly Clarkson is among the nominees for the Daytime Emmy Awards. In the April 1911 edition of, The anthology has no discernible organizational structure and brings in a wide array of poetry from a diversity of sources, not at all limited to a racial or gendered group. ), Why have the children been dethroned? Georgia Douglas Johnson, "Hope" (1917) Frail children of sorrow, dethroned by a hue, The shadows are flecked by the rose sifting through, The world has its motion, Her weekly column, Homely Philosophy, was published from 1926 to 1932. A brief note on the readings: in each section, we plan to ask two question. Out of the huts of historys shameI riseUp from a past thats rooted in painI riseIm a black ocean, leaping and wide,Welling and swelling I bear in the tide. George Bornstein, the editorial theorist, would smirk. Stephens, Judith L. The Plays of Georgia Douglas Johnson: From the New Negro Renaissance to the Civil Rights Movement.Bookdepository.com, University of Illinois Press, 7 Mar. The anthology, as a text, encourages reading they as women, mantles as internalized sexism, prejudice as sexism outright, and spirit as the heart of a woman. This is limiting. After a few minutes, ask volunteers from each group to share their responses about the meaning of the last line in each stanza. In a 1941 letter to Arna Bontemps, Johnson writes, My first book was the Heart of a Woman. The immediate hints are The Crisis, as it was concerned with race prejudice; a recognition of keywords like Mantled and prejudice; or the name Georgia Douglas Johnson, a woman. The poem, using a racial linguistic code through Mantled, prejudice, and fetters as well as a racial bibliographic code through, does not at all limit itself in terms of gender. How do we attend to their differences? Pinnacle Peak Behavioral Health Services. Order printed materials, teacher guides and more. +44 7477 168524 In it, the speaker addresses her desire to die before a love affair ends. Location. She was writing at a time when organized opposition to lynching was part of social reform, and while lynching was still occurring at a high rateespecially in the South. "Biography of Georgia Douglas Johnson, Harlem Renaissance Writer." George Bornstein, the editorial theorist, would smirk. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000. For example: Allow students to create their own note-catcher, as this is a skill they will need for high school, college, and even in careers. Print. I am the dream and the hope of the slave. Print. ThoughtCo. The subject matter in this poem includes mention of how the intended readers are frail children dethroned by a hue, a figurative reference to black people who are mistreated because of the color of their skin. Could this selection of poems be casting off of a mantle of sexism? Each stanza also contains a bigger complete thought. Johnson traveled widely in the 1920s to give poetry readings. WebHarlem Renaissance poets such as Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Georgia Douglas Johnson explored the beauty and pain of black life and sought to define themselves and their community outside of white stereotypes. Ask if any student volunteers can identify a theme in the text. Remind students that figurative language is often used to convey an abstract idea the author has about a subject in an interesting and vivid way. Ask students to record these ideas on their note-catchers. Students should consider what ideas these images convey. Second, during this period, black artists and intellectuals co-opted the term to refer to the racial cloak that limits the black body. Print. Lindsey, Treva B. The poet develops this theme through structure and language. Call your local pharmacy for information about free medication delivery, curbside pick-up options and support care. We must acknowledge Johnsons voice as the the poignant expression of a complicated mesh of oppressions and delimitations, and follow the linguistic and bibliographic codes into a marginalized and complicated life. First, we, like DuBois in the, a colored woman writing for colored women: Those who know what it means to be a colored woman in 1922 and know it not so much in fact as in feeling, apprehension, unrest and delicate yet stern thought must read Georgia Douglas Johnsons, (7). Boston, Mass: The Cornhill Company, 1918. 2006. List of In a 1941 letter to Arna Bontemps, Johnson writes, My first book was the, .
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