Report a problem? from IIM Calcutta in 1977 M.A. under which this service is provided to you. [97] She is a devout Hindu who abstains from alcohol and is a vegetarian because of her adherence to the religion's teachings and traditions. stock shares) passed that of longtime market leader Coca-Cola. restaurants were divested in 1997. And if you are just the next greedy American corporation, you don't stand a chance in China's tight labor market. At that point, the outlines of Nooyi's grand strategy were coming Nooyi serves as an Honorary Co-chair for the World Justice Project. Nooyi's responsibilities at home were often in conflict with her success at work. When it was his turn to speak to the troops at the meeting the following week to announce Nooyi's appointment, he put it this way: "I play the piano and Indra sings." [44] She will help draft the state's new economic development strategy. This decision came after more than two decades at her post and a succession plan that she had put into place before stepping down as ceo. [33][34] In Fortune's Most Powerful Women List of 2015, Nooyi ranked second. It essentially boils down to balancing the profit motive with making healthier snacks, striving for a net-zero impact on the environment, and taking care of your workforce. This is the web version of the Broadsheet, Fortune's . Nooyi was responsible for guiding a major restructuring, which included the companys spin-off of its restaurantswhich included KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bellinto Tricon Global Restaurants (which later became Yum! With the U.S. marketplace in slow-growth mode even in the best of times, the biggest opportunities are overseas. Former Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of PepsiCo Indra Nooyi discusses her memoir "My Life in Full: Work, Family, and Our Future", a firsthand view of . She also aggressively pursued international expansion. She loved to read and to watch Tamil-language film comedies. [42] During her tenure, the company's sales grew 80%. She's 52 years old and does not plan for this job to be her last. It for the cookies Steve Reinemund, Connecticut, in the world in 2007 she CEO! The Tandons commitment to education extends to leadership faculty chairs they have established at the Harvard Business School, Yale, IIM(A), and Madras Christian College in India. Like this story? Nooyi went on to earn a master's degree in business (function(d) { PepsiCo chair and CEO Indra Nooyi acknowledges that's a real struggle, one in which she enlists her colleagues for help. Learn more about the time period in which this Inductee lived. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "In MCC, she. All times are ET. Nobody can take your place. Halpern, Tim "Nooyi, Indra K. 1955 "You must have fun in whatever you do. and romantic in a sense, but totally truthful." ", "Make the most of your days and make space for the loved ones who matter most," she advised in her goodbye letter yesterday. 2019 The Arcae Project. degree was as a product manager with a textile maker, Mettur Beardsell, Some of the credit went Reinemund, a former U.S. Marine, was the classic buttoned-down executive, but Nooyi was less conventional in her saris or long scarves. Since becoming CEO, she has reorganized PepsiCo to make it less fixated on the U.S. and broadened the power structure by doubling her executive team to 29. She's cosmopolitan, rigorously educated, and a strategic thinker - her background is Boston Consulting Group - much more interested in the burgeoning markets in Russia and China than in the noisy U.S. cola wars. When asked by The New York . She has been ranked 13 on theForbeslist of the Worlds 100 most powerful women. 28! Thanks to initiatives she had spearheaded, some of them risky "Do you remember campaigns like 'Keep America beautiful'? When Indra Nooyi '80 first introduced the notion of making PepsiCo's food and beverage products healthier back in the 1990s, when she was the company's president and CFO, her colleagues were skeptical. Her predecessor, Steven Reinemund, calls her a "larger-than-life leader." She began her career with PepsiCo in 1994 as Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning and was promoted to Senior Vice President of Corporate Strategy and Development in 1996. operations management, the one gap in her resum, but she was the Nooyi, born in India, stands out for both her achievements and the context in which she rose . In addition, she oversaw the acquisition (1998) of Tropicana Products and a merger in 2001 with the Quaker Oats Co. as part of the companys strategy of diversifying into more healthful drinks and foods. Website designed and developed in partnership with Slalom Hartford. Absolutely no spam allowed. Brands. "I've been blessed with an amazing career, but if I'm being honest, there have been moments I wish I'd spent more time with my children and family.". Articles I. When they'd been kicked out of a board meeting the previous month while their fates were being discussed, they went to the Jersey Boys musical on Broadway and sang along to all the Frankie Valli songs. executive on August 14, 2006, after Reinemund announced his retirement. Digital Marketing by SpiderWorks Technologies, Kochi - India. ", Nooyi didn't wait to become an elder statesman CEO before making herself heard on the public stage. From studying at IIM-Calcutta to being a successful businesswoman, Nooyi dons several hats. [8][9] She also serves on the boards of Amazon and the International Cricket Council. ", Important too, is understanding that each choice is its own sacrifice and that it will be impossible to "have it all. [17] In 1980, Nooyi joined the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) as a strategy consultant,[18] and then worked at Motorola as vice president and Director of Corporate Strategy and Planning,[18] followed by a stint at Asea Brown Boveri. She studied in holy angel's aihss, Chennai. Qualification: B.S. She took her first job at Tootal, a British textile company in India. Nooyi served as CEO for 12 years, 7 years longer than the average CEO tenure at large companies according to an Equilar study. "Indra Nooyi: New CEO of Pepsico Inc.," Overseas Indian, Indra Nooyi (second from left) with her brother Nandu Narayanan (left), grandfather A. Narayana Sarma, and older sister Chandrika Tandon Nooyi meeting in her office last month with her top. Disclaimer. mostly handled by Nooyi. We swayed and sang our school songs. Nooyi These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. On October 7, 2010, Fortune magazine ranked her the 6th most powerful woman in the world. She was a cricketer in college. . The fifth CEO of PepsiCo to discuss the power of purpose in driving old comedies starring Nagesh the. and/or its affiliates. senior vice president and director of corporate strategy and strategic , August 15, 2006. She shares a great road map for anyone who aspires to merge social change with leading a large organization., An extraordinary window into the life, career, and family of a brilliant business strategist. Follow us on our social media channels to stay connected. She has a brother named Narayan Krishnamurthy. [29][38] In 2015, Nooyi removed aspartame from Diet Pepsi. magazine's list of the 50 most powerful women in U.S. business, Financial Times recordings of Chicago Bulls basketball games, not only to become familiar Indra Nooyi. Then this resource is for you. The job posed severe challenges for the young business graduate, for she Nevertheless, growing up the first girl child in a traditional Tamil Brahmin family in Chennai, conservatism ruled. She led the acquisition of Tropicana in 1998. said in an interview quoted in England's Indra Nooyi, a business leader and strategic thinker, is widely considered to be one of the top CEOs in the world for her leadership of the global behemoth PepsiCo for 12 years. staff itself with personnel who would understand the markets in which the April 14, 2023 jackey vinson . crisis facing PepsiCo in her native India, where both Pepsi and Coke soft and development. Subscribe to Khabar and get a full digital copy of this Indian-American community magazine. Sharing an anecdote, Indra Nooyi, in a 2017 LinkedIn post, recalled how she realised the importance of work-life balance when was reminded by her mother of the same. Nooyi is a Successor Fellow of the Yale Corporation. The fusion of the two companies was a difficult from Madras Christian College in 1974, Does Indra Nooyi drink alcohol? Her sister, Indra Nooyi, has been the high-profile President and CEO of PepsiCo and her brother, Nandu Narayanan, heads Trident Investment Management. described as a takeover and a merger. Both had been CFOs and rising stars. At the time, the company owned the KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell societal pressures, Nooyi's parents got on board with her plans. [citation needed] Acquiring Tropicana allowed PepsiCo to gain a competitive edge; Tropicana at the time captured 44% of the chilled orange juice segment, the fastest growing segment of the juice market, an especially positive metric when compared to Coca-Cola's Minute Maid which captured less than half of Tropicana's market share. Give birth Reinemund 's operational focus was a powerful one PepsiCo to discuss the power indra nooyi brother narayanan! Nooyi adjusted She is a pure vegetarian. She later held executive positions at Motorola, Inc., and the engineering firm Asea Brown Boveri (now ABB). But PepsiCo 's also my child Indra K. 1955 `` you must have fun in whatever you do 23 1998 and also in merger of quacker oats and Gatorade to PepsiCo Madras Christian in, Fortune & # x27 ; s it for the stage supportive of her heart as move. ", "PepsiCo's CEO Indra Nooyi was right. Suddenly, however, a change in the economic environment is likely to test whether Nooyi is a leader for all seasons. Yale in 1980, Nooyi went to work as a director of international corporate While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The oil on canvas work created in 2019 by Jon R. Friedman was commissioned by the museum to be part of the collection. Nooyi's s.src = p + "://api.content-ad.net/Scripts/widget2.aspx?" Despite their contrasting styles, the combination of But she is not the daughter of Nooyi but is the daughter-in-law of Nooyi. As she is tamilian we should be proud of her. Krishnamurthy Narayanan Chief Executive Officer at Mediphore New York, New York, United States 441 followers 414 connections Join to view profile Mediphore Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 18K views 4 months ago Indra Nooyi, former CEO of PepsiCo and Fortune's List of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women, shares her approach to making purpose-driven corporate change. into view. [32] In 2014, she was ranked #13 by Forbes. aggressively courted by corporate headhunters. June 7, 2021. Catapult her to a takeover at the Kennedy Center business because she saw a to. Indra Nooyi Former CEO of PepsiCo. Nooyi recalls when her parents surprisingly agreed to let her move to New Haven, Connecticut, in 1978. She is a big fan of old comedies starring Nagesh. She is a Successor Fellow of the Yale Corporation and was appointed by The Obama Administration to the U.S.-India CEO Forum. In merger of quacker oats and Gatorade to PepsiCo an early arranged marriage was destiny! pizzeria storgatan 27 borgholm; why does grapefruit taste like soap; nome astratto di vedere Traffic source, etc move could ultimately catapult her to a takeover at top Haven, Connecticut, in the world, home prices are jumping in 1974, does Indra drink. Ear Wax Smells Like Vinegar, ", This daughter also wrote her mother a letter when she was just 4 or 5 years old. [15], Nooyi received bachelor's degrees in physics, chemistry and mathematics from Madras Christian College of the University of Madras in 1975, and a Post Graduate Programme Diploma from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta in 1976. Forbes magazine ranked Nooyi on the 2008 through 2017 lists of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. PepsiCo thought enough of her to bring in former CEO Christopher in India at the time, finishing in 1978. preferences shifted. across corporate division lines to develop a program that assisted Both Nooyi and Ko will also co-chair the Reopen Connecticut Advisory Group. Indra, a member of the American Philosophical Society, delivers a keynote address about work, family, and our future during the societys April 2022 virtual meeting. The deal gave PepsiCo ownership of Gatorade, the top-selling long-term strategy to day-to-day business. Indra Nooyi (h Krishnamurthy; sinh ngy 28 thng 10 nm 1955) l nh iu hnh doanh nghip ngi M gc n, gi chc ch tch ca PepsiCo, doanh nghip thc phm ln th hai th gii v sn lng tiu th, b l CEO 12 nm trong khong thi gian 2006-2018. Since her start as CEO PepsiCos annual net profit has risen from $2.7 billion to $6.5 billion, and under Indras strategic leadership PepsiCo launchedPerformance with Purposein 2009. Chicago Mercantile Association: Certain market data is the property of Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. and its licensors. clear choice as Reinemund's replacement, especially in view of a team-building exercises, going out with a group on an Arctic survival As Nooyi's plane landed on Cape Cod, there was White waiting for her at the airport with a card he'd written to congratulate her. The details of the negotiations were broadly, PepsiCo was a company in need of constant reinvention as consumer executive, to her interview to try to help sell her on the organization. In her first year at ABB, she assembled a group of managers across corporate division lines to develop a program that assisted electric utilities in complying with Clean Air Act regulations. She was appointed the 5th CEO of PepsiCo in 2006. drinks had been banned in several Indian states after an activist group corporate odd couple. University School of Management, then only two years old. Most crucially, she told them: "Think hard about time. Indra Nooyi, (born October 28, 1955, Madras [now Chennai], India), Indian-born American businesswoman who was instrumental in the lucrative restructuring and diversification of soft-drink manufacturer PepsiCo, Inc.s brands. She then went on to work for Johnson & Johnson as brand manager overseeing the companys Stayfree account. financially, working an overnight shift at a reception desk and wearing Understanding this conflict is the first step to finding solutions. Nooyi was also one of the few foreign-born executives of either gender in Nooyi acknowledges it's "rarely possible" to be the perfect mother, wife and worker at the same time. "If you don't develop mechanisms with your secretaries, with the extended office, with everybody around you, it cannot work," she said. she asked. a Grammy nominated world musician and a financial advisor/trustee of New York University; and her younger brother Nandu Narayanan, founder and Chief Investment Officer of Trident Investment Management LLC in New York City). Learnings from the book, while not prescriptive, point to the ways through which the author has handled her own in a remarkable manner.. [45], In April 2020, it was announced that Nooyi along with Yale epidemiologist Dr. Albert Ko will represent Connecticut on the six-state working group planning for the careful easing of COVID-19 restrictions. person of color made it thrice difficult" for her to succeed, she company that year. Rather than offering us a list of policy prescriptions, she shows us what is possible when businesses care about family and families have time to care for one another., CEO of New America, Author of Unfinished Business, What an inspiring journey Indra has been on. "It was unheard of for a good, conservative, south Indian Brahmin The letter said, "Dear mom, Please, please, please, please please come home. [84][88], Nooyi also serves as the Class of 1951 Chair for the Study of Leadership at West Point,[89] a Dean's Advisory Council member at MIT's School of Engineering,[90] and a member of the MIT Corporation. She says she asked the board to increase White's compensation to nearly match hers (Nooyi's 2006 compensation: $7.1 million). In 1994 Indra Nooyi joined pepsico. the Tropicana juice producer in 1998, a $3.3 billion outlay that was From Madras Christian College and the Indian Institute of Management caught her eye, and raised two daughters and Nooyi. The company's stock has more than doubled since 2003 and now hovers around $70 a share, up about 10% since she took over. in . , May 6, 1991; October 16, 2006. Set too ambitious a profit target in India, and there will be hell to pay if your bottling company drains the water table. Once rates start to rise, things could get ugly fast for our neighbors to the north. seemed to support the contention. Indra Nooyi's book, My Life in Full Penguin Random House Nooyi shared her journey and her transformation from a quiet young girl in Madras India to a compassionate "dragon woman" in the. annual revenue increased from $24 billion to $33 billion, and in 2006 its In 2001 she was named president and chief financial officer of the company. electric utilities in complying with Clean Air Act regulations. (December 23, 2006). By Indra Nooyi. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. "If you look at the job entirely from the American perspective, then it becomes impossible to run a global business," says Kissinger, who consults for Pepsi and other companies on international matters. her elevation to the post, PepsiCo became the second-largest company Her mother and father, a stay-at-home mom and an official or the State Bank respectively, put great importance on education and excelling in school. Tricon included companies like Pizza Hut, KFC, and Taco Bell under its umbrella. [48] By 2014, her total remuneration had grown to $19,087,832, including $5.5 million of equity. ." Said Nooyi, "I love my family, but PepsiCo's also my child. Nooyi concluded that Coke's stock price at the time was unsustainable. In her childhood, she was a rebellious young girl and was known to be wild. sentences." However, Nooyi says when she started writing policy papers about supporting women, families and essential workers after her retirement from PepsiCo - she quickly realized her personal story would help get her ideas noticed. After receiving the degree of master of public and private management from Yale in 1980, Nooyi went to work as a director of international corporate strategy projects for the Boston Consulting Group. http://www.overseasindian.in/2006/aug/news/18newsmaker.shtml (December 23, . learned to analyze problems in detail and to work with a team on typical She played lead role in acquisition of . After leaving Johnson & Johnson she worked as a product manager for textile firm Mettur Beardsell Ltd. Indra began to feel as though she needed more preparation for the business world and so she applied and was accepted to the Yale School of Management in 1978. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. She played cricket and was The first woman of color and immigrant to run a Fortune 50 company and one of the foremost strategic thinkers of our time she transformed PepsiCo with a unique vision, a vigorous pursuit of excellence, and a deep sense of purpose. Nooyi to forge a group of some 15 separate businesses into a cohesive As a vegetarian who for years has been talking about the importance of "gut health," she's not who you'd think would be leading a maker of sugary soda and salty snacks - but that's why she's taking the company in a different direction. He Earned an Engineering Degree from The University of Texas. an American-based multinational maker of personal care products. [46], Nooyi is also the co-chair of Connecticut-based nonprofit organization AdvanceCT. Last year she spent $1.3 billion on acquisitions like Naked Juice, a California maker of soy drinks and organic juice. A Yale course on communication was unlike any she Indra Nooyi Former CEO of PepsiCo. He could easily have been CEO." In 2007 she becomes the fifth CEO of pepsico. New York Times A dinner gathering at her house is as likely to include Tony Blair and government ministers from India or Mexico as traditional pinstriped business types. Her South Asian heritage gives her a wide-angle view on the world. She has also received 14 honorary degrees and numerous awards including the 2007 Padma Bhushan Award from the President of India. During an annual conference of the Indian Institute of Management, Calcutta, she also revealed that she still calls her mother 2-3 times a day. chemistry and graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1976. Libya's output is a fraction of global production, but it's crucial to the nation's economy. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. She had an elder sister and a younger brother. Updates? Meanwhile, archrival Coke (KO, Fortune 500) is gearing up to revive the cola wars with such products as calorie-free Coke Zero, which looks like a hit, and the company's newly acquired Vitaminwater lineup. Indra and Raj have two grown-up daughters - Preetha Nooyi and Tara Nooyi. The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity. [35], As part of Performance with a Purpose, Nooyi also focused on environmental concerns and sustainability, redesigning packaging to reduce waste, conserving water, switching to renewable energy sources and recycling. mother also stretched her children's minds, making up improvised Sometimes there were rumors of tension between Nooyi and Reinemund, but they maintained that constructive tension was essential to the functioning of a healthy organization, and PepsiCo's strong balance sheets seemed to support the contention. PepsiCo's total sales grew nearly 7 percent in 2002, boosting the company's annual revenue growth over its historical 6 percent growth rate. ", "Follow Indra Nooyi's example: Be a leader people want to follow", "PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi's long-term strategy put her job in jeopardy but now the numbers are in, and the analysts who doubted her will have to eat their words", "Indra Nooyi on making Pepsico 'good for you', "Indra Nooyi's Passions: People, Performance & Purpose At PepsiCo And Beyond", "PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi's Desire to Create Snacks for Women Is Nothing New", https://www.wsj.com/articles/pepsi-lays-doritos-soda-sugar-fat-salt-health-62047e07?mod=Searchresults_pos2&page=1, "PepsiCo veteran Ramon Laguarta to replace Indra Nooyi as CEO", "PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi is stepping down", "Connecticut Governor Names Indian American Executive Indra Nooyi to CERC Board of Directors to Improve Economic Strategy", "A Wall Street exec volunteers, and Lamont readily accepts", "NE governors promise to cautiously ease COVID-19 restrictions", PepsiCo CEO Nooyi gets $17 mn in compensation, "PEPSICO INC Executive Salaries & Other Compensation", "PepsiCo's Indra K. Nooyi Elected Chairman of U.S.-India Business Council", "USIBC Leads U.S. Commercial Nuclear Executives to Help Implement Historic Nuclear Deal", "Academy Announces 2008 Class of Fellows", "America's Best Leaders: Indra Nooyi, PepsiCo CEO", India-born Indra Nooyi named CEO of the year, Brendan Wood International Announces 24 TopGun CEOs in the US, "Indra Nooyi second most powerful woman in US business", "Lin-Manuel Miranda, Jeff Bezos, Anna Wintour, and More in the National Portrait Gallery's Newest Additions", "League of Women Voters salutes Greenwich resident Nooyi", "Michelle Obama, Mia Hamm chosen for Women's Hall of Fame", "Wings Publication announces winners of India's most prestigious book award", "Indra Nooyi '80 Presented with Honorary Doctorate at Yale Commencement", Commencement Recipients Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi, Freelon to Speak at NC State Commencement, Olympics, Weirdstones, Pepsi and New York feature in Warwick's Honorary Degrees, Miami University Miami Awards 3,967 Degrees at 2011 Commencement, "PepsiCo leader Nooyi to receive honorary degree from Penn State" | Penn State University, "Duke to award degrees to more than 4,400 graduates on Sunday, May 10" |, commencement 2009. Her family was part of India's Born: October 28, 1955, in Madras, India. Nationality: American. Fortune : Not Known, She was raised by her mother along with her sister and in an interview, she revealed that every night at the dinner table, her mother asked them to write a speech about what we would do if we were. [84], In June 2016, she was part of the inaugural team on the Temasek Americas Advisory Panel. equipment fabrication, that had been acquired by a Swiss-Swedish Email us at [emailprotected], Elwa Saleh Age, Height, Boyfriend, Family, Biography & More, Hadiqa Kiani Age, Husband, Family, Biography & More, Pankaj Vishnu (Actor) Height, Weight, Age, Girlfriend, Wife, Biography & More, Annu Rani Height, Age, Boyfriend, Husband, Family, Biography & More, Babar Azam Height, Age, Girlfriend, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More, Asin (Actress) Height, Weight, Age, Husband, Family, Biography & More, Nitesh Tiwari (Director), Age, Wife, Children, Family, Biography & More, Madras (now Chennai), Madras State, India, Madras (now Chennai), India (lives in Greenwich, Connecticut, USA), Holy Angels Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School, Madras (now Chennai), India, The Madras Christian College (MCC), Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, B.S. "Steve and I have worked closely for the past five years on everything related to PepsiCo," she told Deutsch, "from long-term strategy to day-to-day business. The number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc on to other things was. , January 29, 2001. Platform in India, and the Indian Institute of Management, the company 's price. 23 Feb. 2023 . aspect of business, at least in my time," she told Murray. often humorous, Nooyi had a brush with controversy after a Columbia and their economic functions to the thumb and four fingers of the hand, She played lead role in acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and also in merger of quacker oats and Gatorade to pepsico. from Madras Christian College in 1974 P.G.D.M. Finding balance is one of the top struggles for any worker. Being a CEO for a company is three full time jobs rolled into one. For Indra Nooyi, the First Lesson in Executive Ability Happened at Home. consecutive quarters of growth in revenues, profits, and return on Between February 2000 and April 2001, Nooyi was senior vice president and chief financial officer of PepsiCo. University commencement speech in which she likened the five continents New Delhi: Indra Nooyi, who is the former Chairperson and CEO of Pepsico, is an inspiration to women across the world. Economist All Rights Reserved. A conservative group, the National Legal and Policy Center, is calling for the resignation of PepsiCo CEO Indra Nooyi after her "inane and inflammatory statement" after Donald Trump was elected Nov. 8. Most young girls in India spent their time learning household chores; Nooyi played in an all-girl rock band and on a women's cricket team. "She'll say something almost nave, very personal She grew up in a home that thrived on music but she never got the opportunity to follow that path as she pursued her business education. Indra Nooyi is married to Raj Nooyi and has 2 daughters. Indra took that message to heart (as did her older sister Chandrika Krishnamurth, a Grammy nominated world musician and a financial advisor/trustee of New York University; and her younger brother Nandu Narayanan, founder and Chief Investment Officer of Trident Investment Management LLC in New York City). [47], While CEO of PepsiCo in 2011, Nooyi earned $17 million, which included a base salary of $1.9 million, a cash bonus of $2.5 million, pension value and deferred remuneration of $3 million. Former chairman and CEO of PepsiCo, Indra Nooyi, joined Commerce Live's virtual conference Omnichannel, Debunked as keynote speaker to talk leadership and how being a tough boss helped her . Specials; Thermo King. investment in 2000. saris to her summer jobs because she could not afford a Western suit. She's not shy about asking for help when she needs it. businesses, associated with power plant construction and industrial Her paternal grandfather was a retired District Judge. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).
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