animals. Volunteer State The imaginations of many of the first settlers of Tennessee were filled with such legends, including Tennessees first governor, John Sevier, and first historian, You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. These were led by Kasper Mansker, with whom and thence up the Cumberland to French Lick. This results in the painful trekThe Trail of Tears. A small group of Cherokee refused to obey the forced eradication and escape into the Smoky Mountains. River, Virginia. The first settler in the area that is now On the morning of the 15th of February, the fort was surrounded by the Unionist forces and Brigadier General John B. Floyd who was in command of the Confederates, launched a surprise attack against Grants army searching for an escape route. In spite of the leaving victorious, De Soto withdrew to the the north, past the Tennessee River so his men would be isolated and unable to escape to the ships. The first settler in Tennessee. The 16th of March, 1864 Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest launched an offensive to the west of Tennessee and Kentucky. Martha Jane Huskey Ogle brought her seven children to the area and built her cabin, which can still be seen today at the Arrowmont School of In spite of the prohibition of the federal government to occupy native lands, it produced a rise in land speculation and a race to amass and claim rights to large pieces of land to the west of North Carolina. The 10th of June, Tennessee adopts a new book on the study of biology that denies the Theory of Evolution. Fort Pillow was located 40 miles to the north of Memphis and had been constructed by Brigadier General Gideon Johnson Pillow in 1862. In the 1890s a new interest in exotic origins for the Melungeons arose along with the popularity in magazines and fiction of colorful stories of the mountain people of the Appalachians. later they were joined by a small company from the region of New Spain cedes the territory of Florida to the United States. A few days Elvis Presley appears for the second time on the Milton Berle show, the Texaco Star Theater, singing Heartbreak Hotel. Music was already an important field since 1824 that made it possible to converse the traditional songs of America and the University of Nashville is well known as one of the most prestigious colleges of medicine in the country. Similarly, the colony of South Carolina sent trade representatives into Tennessee and the Southeast. Jacksons victory over the British at New Orleans in 1815 made him a national hero of the War of 1812. In 1714, Charles Charleville built a small fort in Tennessee called Fort Lick. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Professor John T. Scopes is declared guilty of violating the state law that prohibits the teaching of the Theory of Evolution. He was one of the most successful American capitalists of the century. He was from Virginia (likely Halifax) and married a daughter of Conrad Keicher (Kyker). The men were guided by Robertson, while Donelson lead a fleet with women and children down river by the Tennessee y then up river by the Cumberland. The territory, before becoming a state, fought to have a political voice and suffered without protection afforded by an organized government. In 1682 another French expedition, led by Robert Cavelier de la Salle, also explored the Mississippi River and built a fort near the mouth of the Hatchie River, naming it Fort Prudhomme in honor of a comrade who was briefly lost from the rest of the group. Hernando de Soto. Research into this theory is centered at the University of Virginia branch campus at Wise, and the Muslim-Portuguese account can be found at several Web sites devoted to Melungeons. This caused the native population to increase, and groups of nomadic hunters began to settle into larger villages. From another perspective, the long hunters represented the first essential steps in the settlement process. This band of hardy pioneers consisted of James Copyright August @2011 Warmer climate, Long hunters struggled for survival with the wilderness environment as well as with Native Americans. -2023 The first explorations by Europeans in what is now Tennessee took place in 1540, when a Spanish expedition under the command of Hernando de Soto entered the The aggressiveness of the settlers in the taking Native American lands created indigenous hostility so that the Native Americans sided with the British in the settlement conflict. Thus began a long period of intermittent conflict, which ended with the final removal of the Cherokee from the state in the 19th century. through the wilderness they reached the French Lick. James Robertson, however, did not go with Between 3,000 and 900 BCearly evidence shows examples of the cultivation of agriculture creating a secure food supply and the groups began combining to form villages. William Bean and James Robertson were the early leaders of this group. Of the ten southern secessionist states, Tennessee was the last to withdraw from the Union. Nashville becomes the state capital. Similar works of fiction and human-interest stories recounted romantic origins for Melungeons well into the 1900s. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The construction of the fort was initiated during the spring of 1776. James K. Polk is elected President of the United States. . It was agreed that after the arrival of the land party at the In 1796 Tennessee became a state, the first admitted from territorial status, with Knoxville as its first capital, John Sevier as its first governor, and Gen. Andrew Jackson as its first congressman. The author's ancestors, who first came to Sumner County, Tennessee, were the Hobdys, the Cottons, the Durhams, the Gillespies, the Perdues, the Mattoxs, the Cochrans, the Abshers and the Mayes. Early In the beginning, Tennesseans showed little enthusiasm for separating from the nation with which they had shared sacrifices for so long. One Cherokee Chief, Dragging Canoe, opposed the sale of the ancestral lands and established the Chickamauga tribe that harassed the settlements for twenty years. The violent seismic event reversed the waters of the Mississippi, creating Reelfoot Lake. Reinforcements from Sullivan County arrived to resolve the situation, but not before gunfight erupted and left two men dead and others injured. and cultivating during the spring and summer which followed. The people called Melungeons on the whole denied the existence of such a group and when pressed on their racial lineage would claim Indian ancestry. Wilderness Road. The first settlers arrived to the area during the years after 1765. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Dr. Swan Burnett wrote recollections of stories he had heard about them for the American Anthropologist in 1889, and although he saw a mixture of white, Indian, and black in the group, he noted that they resented the name Melungeon and called themselves Portuguese. Blount College, the antecedent of the University of Tennessee, was established in Knoxville in 1794, two years before Tennessee became a state. The French General La Salle built Fort Prudhomme (near Memphis), the first structure by a white man in Tennessee. Washington, the oldest county of the state, allows the echoes of familiar sounds from the mockingbird and the bobwhite. Before statehood, it was known as the Territory South of the River Ohio. much more of Colonel Donelson in subsequent chapters. Their descendants still live there. The first Europeans to reach the area were French fur traders, who built trading posts in the dense woods. The attack by Forrest began at 10 am and was brutal and without cease. However, as English traders and hunters became land-hungry settlers, the Cherokee came to see them as a threat. favors from Virginia. Tennessee became the 16th State of the Union. The House of Representative (Congress) votes to denounce Andrew Jackson and challenge him in court. In 1790 Whites son-in-law, Charles McClung, drew up lots for the establishment of a town. new settlement some of their number should go down to the upper Samuel C. Williams, Dawn of Tennessee Valley and Tennessee History, 1541-1776 (1937) and Early Travels in the Tennessee Country, 1540-1800 (1928). John Sevier, famous for his experience against Native Americans, led the Watauga settlers, resisted the attack and with the help of the militia from Virginia and North Carolina, invaded the Cherokee National, burning their villages. What To Plant In September In Tennessee? The counties of Morgan (Oct. 15), Lawrence (Oct. 21), Marion (Nov. 20) and Wayne (Nov. 24) are established.. Jackson campaigns in Florida against the Seminoles. Between 4:15 and 4:30 in the morning of the 13th of July, Forrest surprised the Union squads at Woodbury, to the east of Murfreesboro and rapidly invaded a Federal hospital and the camp of a detachment of the 9th Regiment of Pennsylvania Cavalry. John Haywood, The Civil and Political History of the State of Tennessee From Its Earliest Settlement up to the Year 1796, Including the Boundaries of the State (Nashville: Barbee & Smith, 1891; reprint, Johnson City: The Overmountain Press, 1999. They settled about three The first Europeans to explore the area were led by Hernando de Soto in 1541 as part of de Soto's futile search for gold and silver. But for now, lets turn our focus on the people who arrived to the land known as Tennessee. It is believed, however, that General Clark William Bean, supposedly the first permanent settler in Tennessee built a cabin on Boones Creek near the Watauga River. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/early-exploration/. and they began more and more influenced by European settlers and politics. The French progressed from the west lead by Father Jacques Marquette and the fur trader Louis Jolet, came down the Mississippi River. One estimate is that approximately forty nonwhite/nonblack communities similar to the Hancock County Melungeons live in the South. Some authors attempted to factually trace the origins of the Melungeons in the late 1800s. Celebration year of the Bicentennial of Tennessee as a state in the Union since 1796. The Spanish explorer Captain Juan Pardo was the first to use the word Tennessee during an expedition during the summer of 1567. The University has been coeducational since then. It changes, grows, becomes richer, and more complex when any individual Tennessee is the first of the Southern states to be readmitted to the Union on the 24th of July of that year. Pittsylvania County, Virginia. The last Native-Americans are pushed into the south east of the state. The principal objective was to attack Murfreesboro, an important railroad resupply center for the Union railroad from Nashville to Chattanooga, at dawn on the 13th of July. One of the events that precipitated the dissolution of the State of Franklin happened in February of this year. Most of these early settlers were of English and Ulster Scottish origin, although some were of German, Irish, and French ancestry. Having bought a rifle in Birmingham, Alabama, snipe Earl Ray assassinates the civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr., on the balcony of a motel in Memphis, the 4th of April, provoking violent protests in many cities. From the same section of Virginia originally came 67 Ibid. Like the traders who preceded them, the long hunters sought furs; unlike the traders, they did not engage in barter with the Native Americans. During what is known Where did the first settlers in Tennessee come from? One often-affected area was along the modern junction of Jefferson, Sevier, and Knox Counties. However, in October of 1540, the chief of the Tuscaloosa tribe ambushed De Sotos army one hundred miles from the port. Tennessee reaches a population of 4,591,120 million. Your email address will not be published. The county of Hamilton (Oct. 25), Harding and Monroe (Nov. 13) and Shelby (Nov. 24) are established. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Most notable are the memoirs of Lieutenant Henry Timberlake, who visited the Cherokees in 1761-62 and produced one of the region's earliest known maps. a more secure food supply, populations expanded rapidly and scattered bands combined to form larger villages. when the removal should take place later on. 0. Robertson, George Freeland, William Neely, Edward Swanson, James They were aware of their presence as they would gaze upon trail markers, arrowheads and remnants of villages left behind. The population of Tennessee reaches 5,175,240 million; the 17th highest in the United States. Then he made a change to railroad and at the time of his death had created an important transportation system in America. Alex Haley is also the co-author of the Autobiography of Malcolm X.. for their families. His observations regarding Cherokee traditions and customs were eventually published and provide a unique insight into this early period of relations with the tribe. Several families did in fact leave the area but many chose to stay. . The counties of Montgomery and Robertson were established on April 9th, Grainger on April 22nd, Cocke and Union on October 9th. Judy White By the time Europeans returned to the area for further exploration in the 1700s, the principal indigenous groups were the Chickasaw, in the west, and the Cherokee, in the east. Freed slaves are not allowed to vote. Grant, after capturing Fort Henry (on the Tennessee River) marched his troops overland 12 miles to Fort Donelson (on the Cumberland River) and the battle was fought from the 11th to the 16th of February, 1862. http://sos.tn.gov/sites/default/files/Pgs.%20499-555%20State%20History.pdf. They are called the Long Hunters because of the long period of time of their hunting expeditions up to two years. The following information is provided for citations. Masking themselves as Christian Portuguese to avoid possible ethnic cleansing, he asserts, the men made their way inland, intermarried to a limited degree with Native Americans, and created the people called Melungeons. In response to letters by Gardoqui requesting the application of pressure to prevent barbaric acts, Sevier and Robertson read between the lines evoked reaffirmations of the secret Spanish proposals. The fame of Sevier, for his great military feats and his courageous attempt to achieve independence, were known abroad. The battle of Nashville was a two-day battle during the Franklin CampaignNashville represented the end of a great escalation in the conflict in the Western theater of the American Civil War. It does not store any personal data. Sun Studio in Memphis makes its first rock n roll recording. Soto had set out from Florida the year before with 625 men in search of gold and other treasures, hoping to duplicate the success of earlier Spanish expeditions in Central and South America. The Mayor Andrew Lewis built Fort Virginia near Echota, on Cherokee land, 25 miles southwest of Knoxville. These peoples were of Paleo-Indian culture, and, like their Archaic successors, they lived primarily by hunting. The Watauga Association. Although the Cherokees killed Needham soon after his arrival, Arthur remained with the tribe for over a year, initiating a commercial relationship that would continue through the next century. This setting was known to the early settlers as they first stepped upon the soils of Tennessee. Introduction: East Tennessee: The first settlers moved into East Tennessee in violation of the Proclamation of 1763, which stated that land west of the proclamation line (most of what is now Middle Tennessee: James Robertson. In 1756, settlers from the Colony of South Carolina built Fort Loudoun near present-day Vonore, the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee. The Federal government establishes the Tennessee Valley Authority to conserve and develop the resources of the Tennessee River Valley. This territory was divided in three districts: two for eastern Tennessee and the district around Cumberland.
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