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He enjoyed one aspect of his office because of his lifelong love of learning: he became deeply involved in the administration of the Smithsonian Institution as a member ex officio of its Board of Regents. [62], With the nomination undecided, Weed maneuvered for New York to send an uncommitted delegation to the 1848 Whig National Convention in Philadelphia in the hope of being a kingmaker in a position to place ex-Governor Seward on the ticket or to get him a high federal office. Martin Kelly. He initially supported General Winfield Scott but really wanted to defeat Kentucky Senator Henry Clay, a slaveholder who he felt could not carry New York State. Marriage: 5 February 1826. Despite his promise, Kossuth made a speech promoting his cause. . He did organize and serve in a home guard for men over 45 in Buffalo, NY during the civil war. [78][79], Fillmore countered the Weed machine by building a network of like-minded Whigs in New York State. According to his biographer, Scarry, "Fillmore concluded his Congressional career at a point when he had become a powerful figure, an able statesman at the height of his popularity. Although some Northerners were unhappy at the Fugitive Slave Act, relief was widespread in the hope of settling the slavery question. He nearly withdrew from the meeting when he was told that he would have to kneel and kiss the Pope's hand. [160] At the university that he helped to found, now the University at Buffalo, Millard Fillmore Academic Center and Millard Fillmore College bear his name. Seward, however, was hostile to slavery and made it clear in his actions as governor by refusing to return slaves claimed by Southerners. His nomination as a Northerner sympathetic to the southern view on slavery united the Democrats and meant that the Whig candidate would face an uphill battle to gain the presidency. 8, 1874, Almon Hopkins Fillmore, b. Apr. [158] There are a number of remembrances of Fillmore; his East Aurora house still stands, and sites honor him at his birthplace and boyhood home, where a replica log cabin was dedicated in 1963 by the Millard Fillmore Memorial Association. Fillmore's place in history has also suffered because "even those who give him high marks for his support of the compromise have done so almost grudgingly, probably because of his Know-Nothing candidacy in 1856. California was admitted as a free state, the District of Columbia's slave trade was ended, and the final status of slavery in New Mexico and Utah would be settled later. There was anger across party lines in the South, where making the territories free of slavery was considered to be the exclusion of Southerners from part of the national heritage. Although Taylor was extremely popular, many Northerners had qualms about electing a Louisiana slaveholder at a time of sectional tension over whether slavery should be allowed in the territories that had been ceded by Mexico. [46], Fillmore received praise for the tariff, but in July 1842 he announced he would not seek re-election. [31][32], In 1832 Fillmore ran successfully for the U.S. House of Representatives. Once war came, Fillmore supported Lincoln in his efforts to preserve the Union. They were concerned that American sailors cast away on the Japanese coast were imprisoned as criminals. The comptroller regulated the banks, and Fillmore stabilized the currency by requiring that state-chartered banks keep New York and federal bonds to the value of the banknotes they issued. With backing from wealthy New Yorkers, their positions were publicized by the establishment of a rival newspaper to Weed's Albany Evening Journal. Millard Fillmore Middle Name: None Millard Fillmore, our 13th president, was the second president to assume the presidency following the death of his predecessor (Taylor) but the first. Fillmore had stated that a convention had the right to draft anyone for political service, and Weed got the convention to choose Fillmore, who had broad support, despite his reluctance. Believing that government funds should be lent to develop the country, Fillmore felt it would lock the nation's limited supply of gold money away from commerce. Wiki User 2014-02-15 20:01:04 This answer. [96] When Supreme Court Justice Levi Woodbury died in September 1851 with the Senate not in session, Fillmore made a recess appointment of Benjamin Robbins Curtis to the Court. [95], Fillmore appointed one justice to the Supreme Court of the United States and made four appointments to United States district courts, including that of his law partner and cabinet officer, Nathan Hall, to the federal district court in Buffalo. [159] A statue of Fillmore stands outside the Buffalo City Hall. Fillmore made many speeches along the way from the train's rear platform, urged acceptance of the Compromise, and later went on a tour of New England with his Southern cabinet members. In foreign policy, he supported U.S. Navy expeditions to open trade in Japan, opposed French designs on Hawaii, and was embarrassed by Narciso Lpez's filibuster expeditions to Cuba. Upon becoming president in July 1850, Fillmore dismissed Taylor's cabinet and pushed Congress to pass the compromise. She helped him in is studies and they eventually married. He had three sisters and five brothers. There isn't that much written about Fillmore, who was relegated to the dust bin of history by his own political party in 1852 after serving less than three years as President. [39] By 1836 Fillmore was confident enough of anti-Jackson unity that he accepted the Whig nomination for Congress. Webster had outraged his Massachusetts constituents by supporting Clay's bill and, with his Senate term to expire in 1851, had no political future in his home state. In his capacity as president of the Senate, however, Fillmore presided over the Senate's angry debates, as the 31st Congress decided whether to allow slavery in the Mexican Cession. Franklin Pierce was that man. [94], A longtime supporter of national infrastructure development, Fillmore signed bills to subsidize the Illinois Central railroad from Chicago to Mobile, and for a canal at Sault Ste. Millard Fillmore met the mother of his children when he started his formal education. [54] He was not friendly to immigrants and blamed his defeat on "foreign Catholics". [135], After the Lincoln assassination in April 1865, black ink was thrown on Fillmore's house because it was not draped in mourning like others. Which is the most important river in Congo. Historians consistently rank Fillmore among the worst presidents in American history, largely for his policies regarding slavery. what happens when you drink cold water when you are hot? Fillmore's political career encompassed the tortuous course toward the two-party system that we know today. [15] Wood agreed to employ young Fillmore and to supervise him as he read law. [12] In 1819 he took advantage of idle time at the mill to enroll at a new academy in the town, where he met a classmate, Abigail Powers, and fell in love with her. During the American Civil War, Fillmore denounced secession and agreed that the Union must be maintained by force if necessary, but was critical of Abraham Lincoln's war policies. He carefully weighed the political pros and cons of meeting with Pius. After the second attempt in 1850, Lpez and some of his followers were indicted for breach of the Neutrality Act but were quickly acquitted by friendly Southern juries. [27] Fillmore was the leading citizen in East Aurora, having successfully sought election to the New York State Assembly, and served in Albany for three one-year terms (1829 to 1831). [53], The Democrats nominated Senator Silas Wright as their gubernatorial candidate and former Tennessee Governor James K. Polk for president. [100], The Venezuelan adventurer Narciso Lpez recruited Americans for three filibustering expeditions to Cuba in the hope of overthrowing Spanish rule. With no pension to anticipate, he needed to earn a living and felt that it should be in a way that would uphold the dignity of his former office. However, Weed had sterner opponents, including Governor Young, who disliked Seward and did not want to see him gain high office. [110], The former president ended his seclusion in early 1854, as a debate over Senator Douglas's KansasNebraska Bill embroiled the nation. [38] Fillmore spent his time out of office building his law practice and boosting the Whig Party, which gradually absorbed most of the Anti-Masons. Fillmore made public appearances opening railroads and visiting the grave of Senator Clay but met with politicians outside the public eye during the late winter and the spring of 1854. Fillmore remained on the fringes of that conflict by generally supporting the congressional Whig position, but his chief achievement as Ways and Means chairman was the Tariff of 1842. Children of Nathaniel Fillmore and Phoebe Millard Fillmore, Olive Armstrong Fillmore, b. Dec. 16, 1797, Millard Fillmore, b. Jan. 7, 1800, d. Mar. Their combined wealth allowed them to purchase a large house on Niagara Square in Buffalo, where they lived for the remainder of his life. Party leaders proposed a deal to Fillmore and Webster: if the latter could increase his vote total over the next several ballots, enough Fillmore supporters would go along to put him over the top. Fillmore ran a. He had three sisters and five brothers. The Anti-Masonic presidential candidate, William Wirt, a former attorney general, won only Vermont, and President Jackson easily gained re-election. Before other senators intervened to separate them, Foote pointed a gun at his colleague as Benton advanced on him. The modern-day states of New Mexico and Arizona, less the. [50], Fillmore hoped to gain the endorsement of the New York delegation to the national convention, but Weed wanted the vice presidency for Seward, with Fillmore as governor. Without the presence of the Great Triumvirate of John C. Calhoun, Webster, and Clay, who had long dominated the Senate,[i] Douglas and others were able to lead the Senate towards the administration-backed package of bills. A new constitution for New York State provided the office of comptroller to be made elective, as were the attorney general and some other positions that were formerly chosen by the state legislature. [1], Fillmore sent a special message to Congress on August 6, 1850; disclosed the letter from Governor Bell and his reply; warned that armed Texans would be viewed as intruders; and urged Congress to defuse sectional tensions by passing the Compromise. Mary Abigail Fillmore Abbie was born on March 27, 1832, in Buffalo, New York. France, under Emperor Napoleon III, sought to annex Hawaii but backed down after Fillmore issued a strongly-worded message warning that "the United States would not stand for any such action. She believed that women should have equal access to higher education and had the capacity to succeed at all intellectual pursuits. The bill would open the northern portion of the Louisiana Purchase to settlement and end the northern limit on slavery under the Missouri Compromise of 1820. [136] Fillmore supported President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies since he felt that the nation needed to be reconciled as quickly as possible. He became prominent in the Buffalo area as an attorney and politician, and he was elected to the New York Assembly in 1828 and to the House of Representatives in 1832. [144] Anna Prior, writing in The Wall Street Journal in 2010, said that Fillmore's very name connotes mediocrity. Fillmore's second choice, George Edmund Badger, asked for his name to be withdrawn. [100], Fillmore was a staunch opponent of European influence in Hawaii. [41] When the Buffalo bar proposed Fillmore for the position of vice-chancellor of the eighth judicial district in 1839, Seward refused, nominated Frederick Whittlesey, and indicated that if the New York Senate rejected Whittlesey he still would not appoint Fillmore. [20], In 1821 Fillmore turned 21, reaching adulthood. Fillmore appointed his old law partner, Nathan Hall, as Postmaster General, a cabinet position that controlled many patronage appointments. A similar plan was adopted by Congress in 1864. [127] There, the Fillmores devoted themselves to entertaining and philanthropy. [145][163], According to the assessment of Fillmore by the Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia:[164]. . [81] On January 29, Clay introduced his "Omnibus Bill",[h] which would give victories to both North and South by admitting California as a free state, organizing territorial governments in New Mexico and Utah, and banning the slave trade in the District of Columbia. Buffalo was then rapidly expanding, recovering from British conflagration during the War of 1812, and becoming the western terminus of the Erie Canal. Some urged Fillmore to run for vice president with Clay, the consensus Whig choice for president in 1844. The DAR placed this plaque on the house in 1931. 13, 1806, d. Jan. 17, 1830, Darius Ingraham Fillmore, b. Nov. 16, 1814, d. Mar. Since he started his formal education at the age of 17 his teacher was only a few years older than him. Despite Fillmore's departure from office, he was a rival for the state party leadership with Seward, the unsuccessful 1834 Whig gubernatorial candidate. He persuaded Fillmore to support an uncommitted ticket but did not tell the Buffalonian of his hopes for Seward. [105], The final months of Fillmore's term were uneventful. When it reached Tyler's desk, he signed it but, in the process, offended his erstwhile Democratic allies. He was a rival for the state party leadership with the editor Thurlow Weed and his protg, William H. Seward. [88] Fillmore endorsed that strategy, which eventually divided the compromise into five bills. Fillmore refused to change the American policy of remaining neutral. They were closer to those of another prominent New York Whig, William H. Seward of Auburn, who was also seen as a Weed protg. [148] Steven G. Calabresi and Christopher S. Yoo, in their study of presidential power, deemed Fillmore "a faithful executor of the laws of the United States for good and for ill". Two days later, he was buried at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Buffalo after a funeral procession including hundreds of others. Fillmore, unlike Taylor, supported Henry Clay's omnibus bill, which was the basis of the 1850 Compromise. Fillmore warned that electing the Republican candidate, former California Senator John C. Frmont, who had no support in the South, would divide the Union and lead to civil war. After peace was restored, he supported the Reconstruction policies of President Andrew Johnson. All these crises were resolved without the United States going to war or losing face. There was little discussion of slavery during the lame-duck session of Congress, and Fillmore left office on March 4, 1853, to be succeeded by Pierce. [93] In gratitude, Young named the first territorial capital "Fillmore" and the surrounding county "Millard". By 1854 the order had morphed into the American Party, which became known as the Know Nothings. That resulted in riots against the Spanish in New Orleans, which caused their consul to flee. Millard Fillmore, author, Frank H. Severance, editor, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Navy expeditions to open trade in Japan, Tour of Millard Fillmore House Museum, East Aurora, New York, August 19, 1995, United States presidential nominating convention, federal court for the District of Columbia, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, ranked by historians and political scientists, List of vice presidents of the United States, List of presidents of the United States by previous experience, Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps, "Millard Fillmore: Life Before the Presidency", "Biographical Dictionary of the Federal Judiciary", "Supreme Court Nominations, 1789Present", "Millard Fillmore was deservedly forgotten, but his politics sound familiar", "No Joke: Buffalo and Moravia Duke It Out Over Millard Fillmore", "Millard Fillmore's achievements should be celebrated, not vilified", "Millard Fillmore Academic Center (MFAC)", "Millard Fillmore Presidential $1 Coin 13th President, 18501853", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Presentation on Millard Fillmore by Paul Finkelman, June 23, 2011, Biography by Appleton's and Stanley L. Klos, Finding Aid to Millard Fillmore Letters, 18291859, Millard and Abigail Fillmore House Museum, East Aurora, NY, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Millard_Fillmore&oldid=1152168452.