the 1989 loma prieta earthquake quizlet

How were the English colonies affected by events occurring in Europe? KNBR began using an emergency generator, hooking up the signal from a command center right after their nearby studio was severely shaken during the quake, when most of the KNBR staff were at Candlestick for the World Series. Photograph Collection: "Bay Area Quake Landmarks Totter Preservationists Fear Quake-Damaged Historic Buildings Will Be Torn Down", "The California Quake: The Bay Bridge; Damage to Link Across Bay Is More Serious Than Thought", "On the Cypress Freeway, Strangers Joined Together for a Snap in Time", "People Moving Gingerly As They Pick Up Pieces", "Man Who Lived 90 Hours In Quake Rubble Is Dead", "Mandela Parkway: Building Pride in West Oakland", "Search For Bodies to Take Days State Puts Toll at 273, Then Says It Is Uncertain", "Municipal Railway Earthquake Notebook Tuesday, October 17, 1989, 5:04 PM", "Earthquake leaves behind urban travel nightmares", San Francisco-Oakland bay bridge opens to traffic after years of delays | World news, "Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake October 17, 1989. KGO-TV, the local owned-and-operated ABC station in San Francisco, lost power for almost 15 minutes upon the start of the earthquake, before beginning its coverage with anchor Cheryl Jennings. broadband stations with 24-bit digitizers. significant property damage. order to locate the earthquake, but it was not possible to use the [62] In other Santa Cruz and Monterey county locations such as Boulder Creek and Moss Landing, a number of structures were damaged, with some knocked off of their foundations. The majority of landslides occurred to the southwest of the epicenter, especially along road cuts in the Santa Cruz Mountains and in the Summit Road area, but also along the bluffs of the Pacific Coast, and as far north as the Marin Peninsula. [70] When the earthquake hit, the shaking was amplified on the former marshland, and soil liquefaction occurred. Total displacement for these shocks was relatively small (approximately 4in (100mm) of strike-slip and substantially less reverse-slip) and although they occurred on separate faults and well before the mainshock, a group of seismologists considered these to be foreshocks because of when and where they occurred relative to the main event. [95] ABC then switched to episodes of Roseanne and The Wonder Years, which were on standby for a rain delay situation, while attempting to restore electricity to its remote equipment. However. The quake caused the Oakland side of the bridge to shift 7in (18cm) to the east, and caused the bolts of one section to shear off, sending the 250-short-ton (230t; 500,000lb; 226,800kg) section of roadbed crashing down like a trapdoor. After the shaking subsided, many of the players on both teams immediately searched for, and gathered, family and friends from the stands before evacuating the facility.[99]. Web1989 When was the Lima prieta earthquake? Because of its proximity to the San Francisco Bay Area, the earthquake The Loma Prieta Earthquake struck at 5:04 PM, October 17, 1989. Since Loma Prieta, bay-region communities, governments, and utilities have invested tens of billions of dollars in seismic upgrades and retrofits and replac, Earthquake-triggered ground failure, such as landsliding and liquefaction, can contribute significantly to losses, but our current ability to accurately include them in earthquake-hazard analyses is limited. from these recordings. Where was the police station, hospital and fire station placed? Because the rupture took place bilaterally, the duration of strong shaking was about half of what it would have been had it ruptured in one direction only. Highest peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains in Northern California, For the 1989 earthquake that affected the San Francisco Bay and Monterey Bay regions, see, List of summits of the San Francisco Bay Area, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Exhumation history of the Sierra Azul Block of the Santa Cruz Mountains Revealed Using Low Temperature Thermochronology", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loma_Prieta&oldid=1141161086, Mountains of Santa Clara County, California, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox mountain with language parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 17:40. Other areas with certain soil conditions were susceptible to site amplification due to the effects of liquefaction, especially near the shore of San Francisco Bay (where its effects were severe in the Marina District) and to the west of the epicenter near rivers and other bodies of water. [2], Fifty-seven of the deaths were directly caused by the earthquake; six further fatalities were ruled to have been caused indirectly. Cars on the upper deck were tossed around violently, some of them flipped sideways and some of them were left dangling at the edge of the freeway. The first official West Coast Messier marathon was conducted from this site in March 1979. WebThe Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989-- hydrologic disturbances : strong ground motion and ground failure The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989-- Marina District : strong ground motion and ground failure The Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989 : lifelines In September 2005, it moved its transmitter 83 kilometres (52mi) northwest to San Bruno Mountain after it became the Bay Area's NBC affiliate. The Athletics won the 1989 World Series, sweeping the Giants in four games. WebTools. [51][52][53] The San Francisco Fire Department selected civilians to help run fire hoses from a distance because the nearby hydrant system failed. [58] A woman was found dead inside Ford's. Supported by. How did the policies of Cyrus and Darius contrast with those of the Assyrians? [13], In early 1988, the Working Group for California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) made several statements regarding their forecasts for the 225mi (360km) northern San Andreas Fault segment, the 56mi (90km) San Francisco Peninsula segment, and a 18.822mi (3035km) portion of that segment which was referred to as the southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. Having boasted a magnitude of 6.9, it is the biggest to hit the region in 34 years 23 Apr 2023 11:55:14 Forty-two people were crushed to death in their cars. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County, approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. CGS's Related Maps and Publications. [35] At the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, the Plunge Building was significantly damaged. It was even unclear if the As-Giants Bay Bridge Series would be able to resume at the time. Central California. How long did the Santa Cruz County Shelter remain open? Copyright 2023 NBCUniversal Media, LLC. [98], Inside Candlestick Park, fewer than half of the more than 62,000 fans[22] had reached their seats by the time of the quake, and the load on the structure of the stadium was lower than maximum. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. [12], Since many forecasts had been presented for the region near Loma Prieta, seismologists were not taken by surprise by the October 1989 event. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on October 18, 1989 at 00:04 UTC in the Santa Cruz Mountains of 49 0 obj <> endobj xref 49 16 0000000016 00000 n [48] Among the four deaths, one family lost their infant son who choked on dust while trapped for an hour inside their collapsed apartment. Rim of Fire is derived from the, a.Rise of magma that was melted in subduction zones along the 0000001580 00000 n The malfunctions during the aftermath of the earthquake caused confusion as to whether an earthquake would cause the Emergency Broadcast System to activate. Passed on the responsibility between offices and posts [1][15], The Loma Prieta earthquake was named for Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which lies just to the east of the mainshock epicenter. Two plates moving past each other in opposite directions. [59] The civilians who were helpful initially, were soon viewed by police and fire officials as a hindrance to operations, with frantic coworkers and friends of a coffee house employee thought to be trapped under the rubble continuing their efforts in the dark. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Building design Webfunny ways to say home run grassroots elite basketball Menu . [80] Cable cars and electric trains and buses were stalled in place half of Muni's transport capability was lost for 12 hours. along the Pacific Rim, d.Rise of magma along transform boundaries, 1)b)Destroyed freeways and buildings built on landfill This page was last changed on 29 June 2022, at 18:10. endstream endobj 51 0 obj <>/Font 54 0 R/ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI]/XObject 55 0 R>>/Type /Page>> endobj 52 0 obj [/CalGray <>] endobj 53 0 obj [/ICCBased 60 0 R] endobj 54 0 obj <> endobj 55 0 obj <> endobj 56 0 obj <> endobj 57 0 obj <> endobj 58 0 obj <> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> stream [72] That same day, survivor Buck Helm was freed from the wreckage, having spent 90 hours trapped in his car. [60] Widespread search operations were organized to find possible victims inside the remains of fallen structures. [18] In addition, there were 3,757 injuries as a result of the earthquake, 400 of which were serious. Michaels: Well, heh, I don't know if we're on the air or not, and I'm not sure I care at this particular moment but we are. The focus is on products that provide situational awareness immediately after significant earthquakes. [17], While the effects of a four-year drought limited the potential of landslides, the steep terrain near the epicenter was prone to movement, and up to 4,000 landslides may have occurred during the event. Muni relied on diesel buses to continue abbreviated service until electric power was restored later that night, and electric units could be inspected and readied for service on the morning of October 18. Image of collapsed Cypress freeway structure in, USGS ShakeMaps showing similar intensity patterns for the June 1988 (left) and August 1989 events near, Oakland and Interstate 880/Cypress Viaduct, 1989 World Series and television coverage of earthquake, Todd Kennedy Hitting the American Highway: The Ontology of the Hobo-hero 2007 "she also utilizes, 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Faulting or slumping", "Comparing sea level response at Monterey, California from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1964 Great Alaskan earthquake", "The origin of the tsunami excited by the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake Faulting or slumping? "SFFD Fireboats: The History of the Fireboat Phoenix. a broadband seismometer and a strong-motion instrument in order to 0000001519 00000 n Earthquake information products and tools from the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), An open repository of earthquake-triggered ground-failure inventories, Understanding earthquake hazards in urban areas - Evansville Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project, Liquefaction probability curves for surficial geologic deposits, Liquefaction hazard for the region of Evansville, Indiana, Liquefaction and other ground failures in Imperial County, California, from the April 4, 2010, El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake, A magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the Tacoma Fault Zone A plausible scenario for the southern Puget Sound region, Washington, The MW 7.0 Haiti Earthquake of January 12, 2010: USGS/EERI Advance Reconnaissance Team Report, Liquefaction hazard maps for three earthquake scenarios for the communities of San Jose, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Altos, Los Gatos, Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Santa Clara, Saratoga, and Sunnyvale, Northern Santa Clara County, California, Use of liquefaction-induced features for paleoseismic analysis - An overview of how seismic liquefaction features can be distinguished from other features and how their regional distribution and properties of source sediment can be used to infer the locat, The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 17, 1989: Strong ground motion and ground failure. [83] Damage to the region's transportation system was estimated at $1.8 billion (equivalent to $3.9 billion today). [54][55] The apartment structures that collapsed were older buildings that included ground-floor garages, which engineers refer to as a soft story building. [41] KCBS later won a Peabody Award for their news coverage, as did KGO-TV. 0000001484 00000 n 2 )A __________ earthquake on the Richter scale can cause The region is now home to hundreds of thousands of people, who wo, Executive Summary San Francisco Earthquake History 19151989. These features include dikes, craters, vented sand, sills, and laterally spreading landslides. A miscommunication made by emergency workers at Yerba Buena Island routed some drivers the wrong way; they were directed to the upper deck where they drove eastward toward the collapse site. Oakland Athletics players wait in confusion at Candlestick Park just after the Loma Prieta earthquake suspended World Series Game 3, October 17, 1989. [37] In Moss Landing, the liquefaction destroyed the causeway that carried the Moss Beach access road across a tidewater basin, damaged the approach and abutment of the bridge linking Moss Landing spit to the mainland and cracked the paved road on Paul's Island. that more people would have died had it not been for the World Series as many were watching the game rather than sitting in traffic on freeways, where most of the casualties occurred. Expert Answer. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Earthquake in Loma Prieta, California 1989 William, Harkins, Susa at the best online prices at eBay! $E}kyhyRm333: }=#ve Where can I find photographs of earthquake damage? WebForewordThe 1906 Great San Francisco earthquake (magnitude 7.8) and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake (magnitude 6.9) each motivated residents of the San Francisco Bay In addition, Counselling victims They got water from the bay area to put out fires because all water hydrants weren't working. [22] One of these drivers did not see the open gap in time; the car plunged over the edge and smashed onto the collapsed roadbed. The units consist of alluvial fan, beach ridge, river delta topset and foreset beds, eolian dune, point bar, flood basin, natural river and alluvial fan levees, abandoned river channel, deep-water lake, lagoonal, We calculated liquefaction potential index for a grid of sites in the Evansville, Indiana area for two scenario earthquakes-a magnitude 7.7 in the New Madrid seismic zone and a M6.8 in the Wabash Valley seismic zone. Private donations poured into aid relief efforts and on October 26, President George H. W. Bush signed a $1.1 billion ($2.4 billion today) earthquake relief package for California. Groundwater levels in wells can oscillate up and down when seismic waves pass. [42] About an hour later, NBC News also began continuous coverage with Tom Brokaw[97] anchoring and featuring local coverage from its then-San Francisco affiliate, KRON-TV. ensure that the full range of ground motions are recorded on scale. October 17 marks the 33-year anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake that jolted the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989. trailer <>startxref 0 %%EOF 50 0 obj <>]/Pages 39 0 R/Type /Catalog/Version /1.4/ViewerPreferences <>>> endobj 64 0 obj <> stream [37] Many homes were dislodged if they were not bolted to their foundations. Bar none! [8][14], The June 27, 1988, shock occurred with a maximum intensity of VI (Strong). CBS News also began coverage around that same time with coverage from its San Francisco affiliate KPIX-TV. was felt extensively over the area: This earthquake has been extremely well-studied and numerous U and A UsandAs\underline{\color{#c34632}{Us ~and~ As}}UsandAs. San Francisco earthquake of 1989, also called Loma Prieta earthquake, major earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay Area, California, U.S., on October 17, 1989, and caused 63 deaths, nearly 3,800 injuries, and an estimated $6 billion in property damage. It was the strongest earthquake to hit the area since the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Magnitude 3 b.Magnitude Cut the building in half an floated it on 530 Base isolators. Police began unsnarling the traffic jam, telling drivers to turn their cars around and drive back the way they had come. upgrade of the Berkeley Hawaiian Islands, c. Magma extruded from rift valleys which are developing [33][34], In Santa Cruz, close to the epicenter, 40 buildings collapsed, killing six people. [35] Two police officers crawled through voids in the debris, found one victim alive and another dead inside the coffee house. Loma Prieta (the peak just right of center) and other nearby peaks are festooned with television broadcast towers and other communication towers, serving the Santa Clara Valley. When was the last time this released energy? The shaking will feel violent and it will be difficult to stand up. The way an earthquake feels depends on where you are, where the earthquake is, and how big the earthquake is:A large earthquake nearby will feel like a sudden large jolt followed quickly by more strong shaking that may last a few seconds or up to a couple of minutes if it's a rare great event. The 1989 event's oblique-slip rupture was at 10km and below on a fault plane that dipped 70 to the southwest. This Fact Sheet describes post-earthquake products and tools provided by the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) through the U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Hazards Program. d.Was produced by a reverse fault 3. some of the seismometers displayed non-linear effects from the strong [58] Police dogs were brought in to help locate other victims. Secondly, slip type could vary from event to event. b.Magnitude. Alum Rock area, Coalinga seismic zone and the Mammoth Mountain earthquake swarm areas are individually highlighted. amplitude information until the Major property damage in San Francisco's Marina District 60mi (97km) from the epicenter resulted from liquefaction of soil used to create waterfront land. How many years did it take to rebuild and retrofit the Cyprus freeway? [22], The Marina district was built on a landfill made of a mixture of sand, dirt, rubble, waste, and other materials containing a high percentage of groundwater. Because of the unusual circumstance that both of the World Series teams (the San Francisco Giants and Oakland Athletics) were based in the affected area, many people had left work early or were staying late to participate in after work group viewings and parties. Farther away from the Santa Cruz Mountains, pieces of concrete fell from a parking structure at the Sunnyvale Town Center, a two-level shopping mall in Santa Clara County. [75] In the meantime, traffic was detoured through nearby Interstate 980, causing increased congestion. [45], KNBR-AM (the designated station for the Bay Area's Emergency Broadcast System at the time) failed to communicate a catastrophe with the activation and instructions of the Emergency Broadcast System to the public after the quake because the engineering department at KNBR experienced major technical malfunctions and difficulties. xwTTwz0z.0. [5] From the perspective of Loma Prieta and other mountains atop the Sierra Azul block, the Pacific Plate is trying to shear them off the North American Plate but can't break them off. Local History. Some 12,000 homes and 2,600 businesses were damaged. It also ended up with liquefaction. Magnitude 3 [58] Santa Cruz beach lifeguards assisted in moving the victims. The earthquake took the lives of many, leaving thousands injured. The relatively high seismic shaking level required for their formation makes them particularly valuable as records of strong paleo-earthquakes. It was even unclear if the As-Giants Bay Bridge Series would be able to resume at the time. [35] Some 31 buildings were damaged enough to warrant demolition, seven of which had been listed in the Santa Cruz Historic Building Survey. A field reconnaissance in Haiti by a five-member team with expertise in seismology and earthquake engineering has revealed a number of factors that led to catastrophic losses of life and property during the January 12, 2010, Mw 7.0 earthquake. Parts of the fault line moved as much as 6.4 metres (21 feet) during the 1906 earthquake. The great majority of Californias population lives in the vicinity of the San Andreas Fault. 20km How deep was the focus? Another 63 damaged structures were judged too dangerous to live in. Having boasted a magnitude of 6.9, it is the biggest to hit the region in 34 The collapse of a section of the double-deck Nimitz Freeway in Oakland was the site of the largest number of casualties for the event, but the collapse of man-made structures and other related accidents contributed to casualties occurring in San Francisco, Los Altos, and Santa Cruz. [9], While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe) covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the epicenter (including the cities of Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville) farther to the north, portions of San Francisco were assessed at intensity IX (Violent). T. The history of earthquake investigations in California has been largely focused on the San Andreas Fault system because of its strong influence in the state as the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate; it is the most studied fault on Earth. WebOn October 17,1989, the Loma Prieta Earthquake struck northern Cali- fornia, causing the collapse of a two-level, 1.25-mile-long section of the Cypress Viaduct on Interstate Route 880 in Oakland; 42 people were killed. %PDF-1.5 % 0000001412 00000 n [37] For example, sand volcanoes formed in a field near Pajaro as well as in a strawberry field. Here are two example seismograms Local History. Which plates caused these faults on the San Andreas Fault line? WebOn October 17, 1989 at 5:04 PM Pacific Time, a 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Bay Area of Northern California. [80] After 78 hours, 96 percent of Muni services were back in operation, including the cable cars. [47], Four people died in San Francisco's Marina District, four buildings were destroyed by fire, and seven buildings collapsed. Santa Cruz capitalized on fate, working together to rebuild downtown after quake", "The California Quake; NBC News Tells of Errors and Obstacles to Early Coverage of Quake", "Bay Area Television News Prepares For End Of An Era", "KTVU comes back on-air after 1989 earthquake". Problem 3: The east span of the San Francisco-to-Oakland Bridge was damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Oral History: [66] Traffic on both decks came to a halt, blocked by the section of the roadbed. How much did they receive from the government in aid? The World Series resumed on Oct. 27 1989 and finished the following day. What are those booms I sometimes hear before or during an earthquake? The 1989 Loma Prieta event originated on an undiscovered oblique-slip reverse fault that is located adjacent to the San Andreas Fault. 0000001710 00000 n [19][20] The highest number of deaths, 42,[21] occurred in Oakland because of the collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct on the Nimitz Freeway (Interstate 880), where the upper level of a double-deck portion of the freeway collapsed, crushing the cars on the lower level, and causing crashes on the upper level. Street-level Mandela Parkway now occupies the previous roadbed of the Cypress structure. Voices of Loma Prieta: Stories from the '89 quake. What was the rating on the Mercalli Scale? [43][44] KCBS-AM (CBS News Radio) switched immediately to backup power and managed to stay on air despite a subsequent generator failure. Andrew Lawson, a geologist from the University of California, Berkeley, had named the fault after the San Andreas Lake (prior to the occurrence of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake) and later led an investigation into that event. 17 October The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on the conservative boundary between which two tectonic San Francisco Chronicle front page on Oct. 18, 1989, after the 6.9 Loma Prieta earthquake that shook San Francisco and the Bay Area along the San Andreas fault line. Th, Professional Paper 1551 describes the effects at the land surface caused by the Loma Prieta earthquake. Starting near Uvas Canyon, the fault stops trending northwest but instead bends west-northwest for about eight miles before continuing its northwest direction. 0000001156 00000 n Shaken and then stirred. Because of that, it is sometimes called the "World Series Quake". [65], The San FranciscoOakland Bay Bridge suffered severe damage, as a 76-by-50-foot (23m 15m) section of the upper deck on the eastern cantilever side fell onto the deck below. Unlike other nearby (high gain) seismographs that were overwhelmed (driven off scale) by the large magnitude mainshock, the four accelerometers captured a useful record of the main event and more than half an hour of the early aftershock activity. Liquefactiontakes place when loosely packed, water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking.