7 Types of Spirit Guides (& How to Connect With Them) - LonerWolf Excavation of 1791 by cardinal Despuig not mentioned in the report: cf. The legend tells of a tree that stood in the center of the grove and was heavily guarded. With the body of a human and the head of a stag, a transforming Actaeon flees after surprising Diana and a group of nymphs bathing in the forest. According to the ancient Roman religion, Diana was the virgin goddess both of hunting and of wild and domestic animals themselves. In some traditions, she was said to wear purple raiment. Tobias Fischer-Hansen & Birte Poulsen, eds. "Artemis deals with the most elementary forms of life or the most elementary part of all life, whereas Hera operates in the most elevated forms of life or the most elevated part of all life. Gaia the Greek primordial Earth Mother. Over 100 inscriptions to Diana have been cataloged in the provinces, mainly from Gaul, Upper Germania, and Britannia. [44] Diana also had a public temple on the Quirinal Hill, the sanctuary of Diana Planciana. On the contrary, the water was enchanted to transform Actaeon into a stag. And fills the mountain with his dying groans.[3]. Though the Capitoline Triad were the primary state gods of Rome, early Roman myth did not assign a strict hierarchy to the gods the way Greek mythology did, though the Greek hierarchy would eventually be adopted by Roman religion as well. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Evidence suggests that a confrontation occurred between two groups of Etruscans who fought for supremacy, those from Tarquinia, Vulci and Caere (allied with the Greeks of Capua) and those of Clusium. Tobias Fischer-Hansen & Birte Poulsen, eds. [6][7] It stems from Proto-Indo-European *diwys ('divine, heavenly'), formed with the stem *dyew- ('daylight sky') attached the thematic suffix -ys. R. Lowe Thompson, for example, in his 2013 book The History of the Devil, speculated that Diana may have been linked as an occasional "spouse" to the Gaulish horned god Cernunnos. Some late antique sources went even further, syncretizing many local "great goddesses" into a single "Queen of Heaven". Associated with Diana at Aricia were Egeria, the spirit of a nearby stream who shared with Diana the guardianship of childbirth, and the hero Virbius (the Roman counterpart of Hippolytus), who was said to have been the first priest of Dianas cult at Aricia. Diana had a huge number of half brothers and sisters; these includedMars, the god of war,Vulcan, the god of the forge, and Juventus, a god of youth and adolescence. Janus was said to receive sacrifices before all the others because, through him, the way of access to the desired deity is made apparent. Plutarch explains this by way of reference to a legend surrounding the sacrifice of an impressive Sabine bull by King Servius at the founding of the Aventine temple. If the slave prevailed, he became the next king for as long as he could defeat his challengers. [16] This coin, minted by P. Accoleius Lariscolus in 43 BCE, has been acknowledged as representing an archaic statue of Diana Nemorensis. Alexander Chalmers, Samuel Johnson (1810). It was dedicated by Plancius in 55 BCE, though it is unclear which Plancius.[44]. [56] The cult introduced by Orestes at Nemi is apparently that of the Artemis Tauropolos. Wiccan Religion | Goddess, Deities & Culture - Study.com Goddess Brigid & Diana Masterclass Near Me | Sound Waves Heal [43] Sir James George Frazer wrote of this sacred grove in The Golden Bough, basing his interpretation on brief remarks in Strabo (5.3.12), Pausanias (2,27.24) and Servius' commentary on the Aeneid (6.136). Blessed Lady of the Forest and of the Moon and of the Stars. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. He died at the harvest and was reincarnated in the spring. Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991 [1966]. Originally worshipped by the pre-Roman people of Italy, Diana eventually took on a more Hellenized form. She served a similar function to the hearth goddess Vesta, and was sometimes considered to be a member of the Penates, the deities most often invoked in household rituals. Beaver. Both the Romanian words for "fairy" Zn[107] and Snzian, the Leonese and Portuguese word for "water nymph" xana, and the Spanish word for "shooting target" and "morning call" (diana) seem to come from the name of Diana. Full in the centre of the darksome wood Being placed on the Aventine, and thus outside the pomerium, meant that Diana's cult essentially remained a foreign one, like that of Bacchus; she was never officially transferred to Rome as Juno was after the sack of Veii. [42], A feature common to nearly all of Diana's temples and shrines by the second century AD was the hanging up of stag antlers. Diana was the daughter ofJupiter, who was king of the gods, and Leto (or Latona, in the Roman sources), an ancient Titan. Unlike earlier myths about Artemis, Actaeon is killed for an innocent mistake, glimpsing Diana bathing. Diana may initially have been the preeminent goddess in the Roman region, paired with such important male spirits as Janus and Jupiter. Diana is often depicted as a young maiden in a tunic and hunting boots or barefoot with a bow and arrow. [81], The 6th century bishop Gregory of Tours reported meeting with a deacon named Vulfilaic (also known as Saint Wulflaicus or Walfroy the Stylite), who founded a hermitage on a hill in what is now Margut, France. [45] The misconception that the Aventine Temple was inspired by the Ephesian Temple might originate in the fact that the cult images and statues used at the former were based heavily on those found in the latter. Goddess Names and Their Meanings - goddess-guide.com In Charles Leland's Aradia, Gospel of the Witches, he pays homage to Diana Lucifera (Diana of the light) in her aspect as a light-bearing goddess of the moon. [67] However, there is no compelling evidence for such an early construction of the temple, and it is more likely that it was built in the 3rd century BCE, following the influence of the temple at Nemi, and probably about the same time the first temples to Vertumnus (who was associated with Diana) were built in Rome (264 BCE). ..Do not observe auguries No influence attaches to the first work of the day or the [phase of the] moon. Schlam, C.C. Diana was an ancient goddess common to all Latin tribes. A unique and peculiar custom dictated that this priest be a runaway slave and that he slay his predecessor in combat. A theater in her sanctuary at Lake Nemi included a pit and tunnel that would have allowed actors to easily descend on one side of the stage and ascend on the other, indicating a connection between the phases of the moon and a descent by the moon goddess into the underworld. They often included scenes depicting sacrifices to the goddess, and on at least one example, the deceased man is shown joining Diana's hunt.[12]. Painters like Titian, Peter Paul Rubens, Franois Boucher, Nicolas Poussin and made use of her myth as a major theme. These subtle put downs of the Spirit of Prophecy frequently occur in various Sabbath School Bible Study Guides. Tragically, Actaeons hounds caught his new scent and attacked him. [92] Historian Elliot Rose's A Razor for a Goat dismissed Aradia as a collection of incantations unsuccessfully attempting to portray a religion. Some women reported participating in these processions while their bodies still lay in bed. Another important centre for the worship of Diana was at Ephesus, where the Temple of Artemis (or Diana) was one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Actaeon fled as quickly as he could, but the hounds were too quick for him; it was not long before they brought their master down. His new wife was his sister, Juno, the goddess of family, marriage, and children. Wielding a bow and golden arrows, Diana roamed the wilderness seeking adventure and hunting game. Witches Of The Craft. The spirits were said to enter houses and consume food which then miraculously re-appeared. A few examples are: Amaterasu the Japanese Sun goddess. For no cause or infirmity should you consult magicians, diviners, sorcerers or incantators. Diana, in Roman religion, goddess of wild animals and the hunt, identified with the Greek goddess Artemis. She says: keep your unwavering thoughts, feelings and actions focused on your target, and you will make your mark. On the mantel he painted an image of Diana riding in a chariot possibly pulled by a stag. The Roman poet Nemesianus wrote a typical description of Diana: She carried a bow and a quiver full of golden arrows, wore a golden cloak, purple half-boots, and a belt with a jeweled buckle to hold her tunic together, and wore her hair gathered in a ribbon. He was then in turn granted the privilege to engage the Rex Nemorensis, the current king and priest of Diana, in a fight to the death. Since "names are important" (312), Ysabeau says that Rebecca named . Catullus wrote a poem to Diana in which she has more than one alias: Latonia, Lucina, Juno, Trivia, Luna. She had a temple in Rome on the Aventine Hill, according to tradition dedicated by king Servius Tullius. Athena's Symbols and Sacred Objects. She was to be only worshipped outside, in her domain. Angels, Ascended Masters And Goddesses As Spirit Guides Within this system, Proclus considered Diana to be one of the primary animating, or life-giving, deities. Often times they will be from your own cultural heritage but they could also come from the other side of the world. Long before popular culture yielded such proficient female characters as Katniss Everdeen, Roman mythology held its own bow and arrow wielding huntress. The Roman Goddess Diana - goddess-guide.com For example, in what is now Wiesbaden, Diana was worshiped as Diana Mattiaca by the Mattiaci tribe. She is a fierce protector of woman and their right to choose their partner or none at all. An earlier variant of this myth, known as the Bath of Pallas, had the hunter intentionally spy on the bathing goddess Pallas (Athena), and earlier versions of the myth involving Artemis did not involve the bath at all.[33]. All Rights Reserved. At Rome the most important temple of Diana was on the Aventine. In this role, Diana is granted undefiled power (Amilieti) from the other gods. Accessed on October 18, 2019.http://classics.mit.edu/Ovid/metam.html. One of these was built in the Campus Martius in 187 BCE; no Imperial period records of this temple have been found, and it is possible it was one of the temples demolished around 55 BCE in order to build a theater. Updates? [85], Local clergy complained that women believed they were following Diana or Herodias, riding out on appointed nights to join the processions or carry out instructions from the goddess. Juno was a jealous partner who harbored grudges against her husbands lovers and their children. After all, mythology is storytelling at its finest. A Goddess naked to thy view exposd.[2]. In Roman art Diana usually appears as a huntress with bow and quiver, accompanied by a hound or deer. May my path honor you. Diana was also associated with the underworld and liminal zonesthe boundaries separating the living from the dead and the wild from the civilized. The king in this scheme served not only as a high priest but as a god of the grove. Drawing from a pool of inner resiliency, the girl fights fiercely for what is right. Diana. Diana. The earliest known practitioners of Neopagan witchcraft were members of a tradition begun by Gerald Gardner. Arthur E. Gordon, "On the Origin of Diana". WARNING: The following contains spoilers for Season 2, Episode 9, of A Discovery of Witches, streaming now on Sundance Now, Shudder and AMC+. The metamorphosis happened in a flash. [5], Ovid's version of the myth of Actaeon differs from most earlier sources. Shunning the company of mortals and gods, Diana preferred the solitude of the forests and kept the company of nymphs and woodland creatures. Common gods and goddesses that serve as spirit guides include Athena, Kuan Yin, Apollo, Lakshmi, Lugh, Kali, Hathor, Horus, Shiva, and so on. None should presume to hang any phylacteries from the neck of man nor beast. [4]Michael Drayton praises the Triple Diana in poem The Man in the Moone (1606): "So these great three most powerful of the rest, Phoebe, Diana, Hecate, do tell. Eventually, they managed to lure the creature to Delphiand its doom. Anguelova, V. N. (2011). [84], Diana is the only pagan goddess mentioned by name in the New Testament (only in some Bible versions of Acts 19; many other Bibles refer to her as Artemis instead). Frazer claimed that this motif of death and rebirth is central to nearly all of the world's religions and mythologies. Her cult there was first attested in Latin literature by Cato the Elder, in a surviving quote by the late grammarian Priscian. DIANA Mayer & Grammelspacher GmbH & Co.KG, an airgun company, is named after Diana, the goddess of hunting. After converting some of the local population to Christianity, Vulfilaic and a group of local residents attempted to pull the large statue down the mountain in order to destroy it, but failed, as it was too large to be moved. There are other Spirits on this Council, in addition to Spirit Guides and Guardian Angels. The story centered on the fate of young Actaeon, a talented hunter who led a pack of hounds into the woods in pursuit of stags. mothered by the Goddess Artemis. [88], Folk legends like the Society of Diana, which linked the goddess to forbidden gatherings of women with spirits, may have influenced later works of folklore. Ruins of the Temple of Diana Nemorensis in Nemi, Italy. This tradition combines elements from British Traditional Wicca, Italian folk-magic based on the work of Charles Leland, feminist values, and healing practices drawn from a variety of different cultures. keeping my loved ones protected and binding those who might do us harm. [44], In the Roman provinces, Diana was widely worshiped alongside local deities. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Plutarch related a legend that a man had attempted to assault a woman worshiping in this temple and was killed by a pack of dogs (echoing the myth of Diana and Actaeon), which resulted in a superstition against men entering the temple. But sees the circling waters round her flow; Edited by Cesare Barbieri and Francesca Rampazzi (2001), Magliocco, Sabina. Part of its wall is located within one of the halls of the Apuleius restaurant. Like her Greek counterpart, she was also a goddess of domestic animals. There was probably no original connection between Diana and the moon, but she later absorbed Artemiss identification with both Selene (Luna) and Hecate, a chthonic (infernal) deity; hence the characterization triformis sometimes used in Latin literature. These nature spirits were eventually deified and came to be the gods and goddesses as we know them today. Diana. ", Later poets and historians looked to Diana's identity as a triple goddess to merge her with triads heavenly, earthly, and underworld (cthonic) goddesses. Witchcraft scholar Jeffrey Russell devoted some of his 1980 book A History of Witchcraft: Sorcerers, Heretics and Pagans to arguing against the claims Leland presented in Aradia. [5] At her shrine in Aricia, worshipers left votive terracotta offerings for the goddess in the shapes of babies and wombs, and the temple there also offered care of pups and pregnant dogs. She is known for her gracefulness and strength. She is equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, and absorbed much of Artemis' mythology early in Roman history, including a birth on the island of Delos to parents Jupiter and Latona, and a twin brother, Apollo,[2] though she had an independent origin in Italy. Diana was celebrated during the festival ofNemoralia, another reference to her sacred grove in Nemi. Historian Carlo Ginzburg has referred to these legendary spirit gatherings as "The Society of Diana". Vulfilaic destroyed a number of smaller pagan statues in the area, but the statue of Diana was too large. PDF Seventh-day Adventist Sabbath School Bible Study Guide for the Third According to a theory proposed by Georges Dumzil, Diana falls into a particular subset of celestial gods, referred to in histories of religion as frame gods. Diana is the roman goddess of the hunt, open sky, the moon, conception and childbirth. No one was allowed to break off its limbs, with the exception of a runaway slave, who was allowed, if he could, to break off one of the boughs. [12], Outside of Italy, Diana had important centers of worship where she was syncretised with similar local deities in Gaul, Upper Germania, and Britannia. Offerings to Diana: Bread, Fresh Fruit, Rue, Vervain, Mirrors, Clay figures. My will controls the shining heights of heaven, the health-giving sea-winds, and the mournful silences of hell; the entire world worships my single godhead in a thousand shapes, with divers rites, and under many a different name. Angels, Spirit Guides & Goddesses: A Guide to Working with 100 Divine The festival was originally held in Nemi, but soon spread to other parts of Roman territories as the empire grew. Whatever her true origin, by the 13th century, the leader of the legendary spirit procession had come to be firmly identified with Diana and Herodias through the influence of the Church. Her name is derived from the Greek words diviana, dium . She is a virgin goddess of the hunt, woodlands, forests, wild animals, fertility, childbirth, abundance, harvest, protection, and the moon. The Goddess Diana, is the Huntress and Goddess or fertility, childbirth and the wild woodlands and associated with the constellation of Ursa Major. On the white one, you may carve Diana's name or a Goddess symbol. The twin archers Apollo and Diana, as depicted by famed German printmaker Albrecht Drer in the early 1500s. Diana was initially a hunting goddess and goddess of the local woodland at Nemi,[72] but as her worship spread, she acquired attributes of other similar goddesses. In the early 1960s, Victor Henry Anderson founded the Feri Tradition, a form of Wicca that draws from both Charles Leland's folklore and the Gardnerian tradition. [18], Two heads found in the sanctuary[19] and the Roman theatre at Nemi, which have a hollow on their back, lend support to this interpretation of an archaic triple Diana. This is due to a seeming reluctance or taboo by the early Latins to name underworld deities, and the fact that they believed the underworld to be silent, precluding naming. Dianas elementary association with divinity and daylight suggested her long history as an Italian goddess, dating back to at least the first millennium BCE, if not farther. The Internet Classics Archive. Note that thepomeriawere sacred (and liminal) boundaries, where the city (urbs) of Rome ended and the territory (ager) of Rome began. Many of these were probably local goddesses, and wood nymphs or dryads, which had been conflated with Diana by Christian writers Latinizing local names and traditions. According to historian C.M. Darehnberg -Saglio-Pottier, Hesichius s.v. The title of Juno may also have had an independent origin as it applied to Diana, with the literal meaning of "helper" Diana as Juno Lucina would be the "helper of childbirth".[5]. Her primary sanctuary was a woodland grove overlooking Lake Nemi, a body of water also known as "Diana's Mirror", where she was worshiped as Diana Nemorensis, or "Diana of the Wood". For her tripartite personality, she was known as bothDiana TriformisandDiana Trivia. She was worshiped there as Diana Tifatina. Working With Moon Goddess Diana - Creative Priestess Path Hekate, a Greek goddess also associated with the boundary between the earth and the underworld, became attached to Diana as a name for her underworld aspect following Greek influence. ..None should presume to make lustrations or incantations with herbs, or to pass cattle through a hollow tree or ditch No woman should presume to hang amber from her neck or call upon Minerva or other ill-starred beings in their weaving or dyeing. In Parma at the convent of San Paolo, Antonio Allegri da Correggio painted the chamber of the Abbess Giovanna Piacenza's apartment. Light incense and Goddess candle. She was incorporated into theRoman pantheonsometime during the sixth century BCE. Our ancestors believed the trees, rivers, mountains, stones and animals had souls. Demeter (Greek) - Goddess of the harvest who possessed great knowledge of the best way to grow, preserve and harvest grain. Diana - Goddess Of The Hunt - The Goddess - The White Goddess The deer may also offer a covert reference to the myth of Acteon (or Actaeon), who saw her bathing naked. In his sermons, he denounced "pagan customs" that the people continued to follow. May my spirit celebrate you. Through brakes and thickets forcd his way, and flew [61] According to the legend Orestes founded Nemi together with Iphigenia. Featuring 100 divinities from spiritual traditions both current and ancient . You are experiencing Ascension Symptoms and would like to get help and healing from Spirit Guides and Helpers who are there to help you assimilate all the new energies constantly . In particular, he denounced several Roman gods and goddesses alongside Druidic mythological beliefs and objects: "I denounce and contest, that you shall observe no sacrilegious pagan customs. At Versailles she was incorporated into the Olympian iconography with which Louis XIV, the Apollo-like "Sun King" liked to surround himself. Thompson suggested that Diana in her role as wild goddess of the hunt would have made a fitting consort for Cernunnos in Western Europe, and further noted the link between Diana as Proserpina with Pluto, the Greek god associated with the riches of the earth who served a similar role to the Gaulish Cernunnos. Proclus, citing Orphic tradition, concludes that Diana "presides over all the generation in nature, and is the midwife of physical productive principles" and that she "extends these genitals, distributing as far as to subterranean natures the prolific power of [Bacchus]. His new misfortune, and to tell his name The owl is occasionally used in art to represent Athena. Mythopedia. [80] Later commentators on Proclus have clarified that the virginity of Diana is not an absence of sexual drive, but a renunciation of sexuality. A polarizing figure in British culture, her death was a tragic event that resounded around the world. She is an anarchic goddess, however, a spirit of ecstasy and independence. [79], Using the ancient Neoplatonists as a basis, Taylor also commented on the triadic nature of Diana and related goddesses, and the ways in which they subsist within one another, partaking unevenly in each other's powers and attributes. This role carried a somewhat dark and dangerous connotation, as it metaphorically pointed the way to the underworld. Call your circle, asking Diana, Her animals, and your guides for assistance and support. According to Vulfilaic, this incident was quickly followed by an outbreak of pimples or sores that covered his entire body, which he attributed to demonic activity and similarly cured via what he described as a miracle. Goddess Spirituality: Ways of the Divine Feminine for the Modern Woman [23] The symbol of the crossroads is relevant to several aspects of Diana's domain. She was also the devoted mother of Persephone. Her name reflects her nurturing personality as it means "earth mother" in Greek. Diana also has the name Omnivaga ("wandering everywhere"), not because of her hunting but because she is numbered as one of the seven planets; her name Diana derives from the fact that she turns darkness into daylight (dies). Diana Efesia Multimammia: The metamorphosis of a pagan goddess from the Renaissance to the age of Neo-Classicism. Finally, she wasDiana Nemorensis, or Diana of the Wood. This particular incarnation of the deity represented the Italic version of Diana, the figure Hellenized by the Romans and influenced by Artemis. No Christian should presume to invoke the name of a demon, not Neptune or Orcus or Diana or Minerva or Geniscus No one should observe Jove's day in idleness. Since ancient times, philosophers and theologians have examined the nature of Diana in light of her worship traditions, attributes, mythology, and identification with other gods. Metamorphoses. [44] If it was still in use by the 4th century CE, the Aventine temple would have been permanently closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire. As a result, she became associated with many folk beliefs involving goddess-like supernatural figures that Catholic clergy wished to demonize. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. "Diana Nemorensis, desse latine, desse hellnise" in, Suidas s.v. Starts: 'When first Diana leaves her bed', The character of Diana is the principal character in the children's novel, The goddess is also referenced indirectly in, The character of Diana from the video game, Diana also is one of the primary gods in the video game. Diana and Actaeon: Metamorphoses of a Myth. [79], Sermons and other religious documents have provided evidence for the worship of Diana during the Middle Ages. Diana has been one of the most popular themes in art. Goddesses - Diana - Witches Of The Craft [62] At Cuma the Sybil is the priestess of both Phoibos and Trivia. .. None should call the sun or moon lord or swear by them. The persona of Diana is complex, and contains a number of archaic features. Diana embodies virginity because she generates but precedes active fertility (within Neoplatonism, an important maxim is that "every productive cause is superior to the nature of the produced effect"). Pp. [105] The tradition was founded by author Raven Grimassi, and influenced by Italian folktales he was told by his mother. By the Imperial period, small marble statues of the Ephesian Artemis were being produced in the Western region of the Mediterranean and were often bought by Roman patrons. Diana was first worshiped along with her brother and mother, Apollo and Latona, in their temple in the Campus Martius, and later in the Temple of Apollo Palatinus. A symbol of strength and motherhood, the Roman Diana was a goddess of contrasts. Some suggest she was the ruler of the night while Jupiter ruled the day. Her sovereignty in Heaven, in Earth and Hell". Diana was particularly important in the region in and around the Black Forest, where she was conflated with the local goddess Abnoba and worshiped as Diana Abnoba.[74]. Diana - Goddess of the Hunt - Crystal Vaults Ginzburg, Carlo. [13] By the 3rd century CE, after Greek influence had a profound impact on Roman religion, Diana had been almost fully combined with Artemis and took on many of her attributes, both in her spiritual domains and in the description of her appearance. She has the aspect of a maiden, and a beautiful and venerable young woman. As a rural sanctuary, it included lands and estates that would have been worked by slaves following the Roman conquest of Campania, and records show that expansion and renovation projects at her temple were funded in part by other conquests by Roman military campaigns. [86] Some of the local titles for her, such as bonae res (meaning "good things"), are similar to late classical titles for Hecate, like bona dea. Diana is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of coral snake. Added: 29/09/2007. Wicca is a peaceful, nature-based religion whose adherents revere Mother Earth and believe in the spiritual energy and balance of all things, including both masculine and feminine forms of deity,. Corrections? Ultimately, the twins were bound for different pathsApollo for the bustle of civic life, and Diana for the solitude of the forest. [95] Religious scholar Chas S. Clifton took exception to Hutton's position, writing that it amounted to an accusation of "serious literary fraud" made by an "argument from absence".[96]. Diana herself was recognized as an aspect of a single "great goddess" in the tradition of Apuleius, as described in the Wiccan Charge of the Goddess (itself adapted from Leland's text). Aradia - Wikipedia Gordon, A.E. https://mythopedia.com/topics/diana, Thomas Apel is a historian of science and religion who received his PhD in History from Georgetown University. He was commissioned in 1519 to paint the ceiling and mantel of the fireplace. Lunar Deities: Pagan Gods and Goddesses of the Moon - Learn Religions (1932). [86] The earliest reports of these legends appear in the writings of Regino of Prm in the year 899, followed by many additional reports and variants of the legend in documents by Ratherius and others.
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