Dallas, TX: Republic of Texas Press. Harrison is not included on most lists of Alamo defenders. He was the older brother of Alamo defenders George and James Taylor. He recalled that on the morning of March 27, 1836, a Mexican officer told the men to get ready for a march. WebToday in Texas History: Massacre at Goliad. Some left messages for their families with their companions; a few had time to write letters home. Signup today for our free newsletter, Especially Texan. They were among at least 350 men killed in the massacre at Goliad March 27, 1836, just three weeks after the fall of the Alamo. People who are believed to have participated in the Battle of the Alamo, February 23 March 6, 1836, on the Texan side, are listed here. This article does not contain any citations or references. goliad massacre list of victims. Ironically, rather than serving to crush the Texas rebellion, the Goliad Massacre helped inspire and unify the Texans. Twenty-eight of them were tried as pirates, convicted, and, on December 14, 1835, shot (see TAMPICO EXPEDITION). They were kept separate from the other prisoners, as they had been unarmed and surrendered without a fight. Goliad Massacre, He died in the Goliad Massacre in 1836. Davenport presented the address, which was published as "The Men of Goliad" in the Southwestern Historical Quarterly (1939). William Blazeby's infantry, joined Vol. In the Alamo's Shadow, By Ron Jackson [13]. Bill Groneman, They said they saw a great black cloud over the fort here, said David Vickers, one of the re-enactors. [3] The company, known as the Mustangs, came under the command of Colonel James W. Fannin once they arrived in Texas. He assured Fannin that there was no known instance where a prisoner of war who had trusted to the clemency of the Mexican government had lost his life, that he would recommend to General Santa Anna acceptance of the terms proposed by Fannin's men, and that he was confident of obtaining Santa Anna's approval within a period of eight days. His oldest son, Robert M. Eastland, a man of sterling qualities, was killed in the Dawson Massacre, but made a brave and heroic struggle for his life. WebThis clip, originally aired as part of the April 8, 1957 episode of "Texas in Review," commemorates the anniversary of the Goliad massacre. His literary contributions, including Early Times in Texas, were said to have inspired the famous short story writer (and one-time GLO employee) O. Henry. Harrison's company, fought near chapel & palisade, Alamo co-commander Travis praised Crockett for his actions during the siege, writing, "The Hon. Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna et al., The Mexican Side of the Texan Revolution, trans. General Urrea departed Goliad, leaving Santa Anna immediately imposed martial law and attempted to disarm the Texans. Presidio re-enactors honor victims of Goliad Massacre, 101 W. Goodwin Ave., Suite 1200,Victoria,TX, honoring the Texan soldiers who died at the Goliad Massacre, Presidio La Bahia could get new management, Man arrested in shooting death of his mother, Refugio boys capture second consecutive regional team title, Record-setting Dalton Brooks leads area medal rush, Hill highlights Goliad athletes state bound from regional meet, East falls to Carroll in winner take all game 3, 'A catalyst': Victorians young, old show their maker spirit at tech carnival, UHV-Texas A&M-Texarkana game halted by gunfire, Area athletes qualify for state in field events. Only twenty-eight escaped the firing squads, and twenty more were spared as physicians, orderlies, interpreters, or mechanics largely because of the entreaties of a "high bred beauty" whom the Texans called the "Angel of Goliad" (see ALAVEZ, FRANCITA), and the brave and kindly intervention of Col. Francisco Garay. Capt. In fall 1836 Captain Thomas Breece compiled a list of the men who had originally been under his command, and marked Spratt as killed at the Alamo. William Fairfax Gray, From Virginia to Texas, 1835 (Houston: Fletcher Young, 1909, 1965). (1970). When Bowie was elected commander of the Alamo shortly after, Bowie became very drunk and freed Fuentes. Capt. Fought at siege of Bexar. He wrote about dwindling supplies, with soldiers diet consisting solely of beef, lacking corn or flour. [3] Six Texians were taken prisoners and were marched to prison in Matamoros. For information about how to add references, see, Matthew Ellenberger, "HORTON, ALBERT CLINTON," Handbook of Texas Online (, Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, "GOLIAD MASSACRE," Handbook of Texas Online (, Craig H. Roell, "MILLER, WILLIAM PARSONS," Handbook of Texas Online (, Castaneda, H.W. After the executions, the Texians' bodies were piled and burned. Robert M. Coleman's company, then reinlisted. Apparently, some among the Texans who surrendered believed they would be treated as prisoners of war. The re-enactors brought a detailed approach to their historical portrayals. Despite the protests for clemency by General Jos de Urrea, the massacre was reluctantly carried out by Lt. Alvarez is credited with having saved the lives of many Texan prisoners of war during the Texas Revolution of 1836. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. possibly the same person as Charles Despallier. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) "The Alamo and the Texas War of Independence, September 30, 1835 to April 21, 1836: Heroes, Myths, and History". On March 19, General Urrea had quickly advanced and surrounded 300 men in the Texian Army on the open prairie, near La Bahia (Goliad). Coordinates: 283851N 972259W / 28.6476N 97.3830W / 28.6476; -97.3830. In view of Santa Anna's positive orders, Urrea could not, of course, accede to these terms, but refusing them would mean another bloody battle. Commander of his own infantry company, the Bexar Guards, fought at Bexar, rode in as original member of the Gonzales Mounted Rangers ("Immortal 32"), Fought at siege of Bexar. Ruby C. Smith, "James W. Fannin, Jr., in the Texas Revolution," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 23 (October 1919, January, April 1920). Nephew of President James Madison. Although this was really an attempt by Urrea to commandeer the ship, the vessel had already departed. The next month and a half was ultimately spent traveling on foot as he battled the harsh Texas frontier. When the Mexican troops surrendered the Alamo, Jameson became the chief engineer and was in charge of revamping the fortifications. Rode with Capt. The authenticity of the gravesite was further verified by historians Clarence R. Wharton and Harbert Davenport. fought at Bexar, San Antonio resident, stayed in Bexar, elected a delegate from the Alamo garrison on February 1 to the independence convention in March, left the Alamo garrison on March 2. original settler of Dewitt's Colony, rode in as original member of the Gonzales Mounted Rangers ("Immortal 32" ), fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo with Carey, played bagpipes accompanied by Crockett's fiddle. Updates? One of the Old Eighteen who refused to relinquish a cannon, leading to the Battle of Gonzales. Kimble County, Texas is named in his honor. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA). The company reached the Alamo on February 23. We need your support because we are a non-profit organization that relies upon contributions from our community in order to record and preserve the history of our state. Kentucky volunteer told of harsh conditions before Goliad massacre in 1836. Porter, Reuben (January 1878). https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/black-bean-episode. The doomed men were unshackled from their companions, placed in a separate courtyard, and shot at dusk on March 25, 1843. The guards left him for dead in the courtyard, and he escaped in the night but was recaptured and shot. John Shackelford 's Red Rovers and Ira J. Westover's regulars were marched southwestwardly along the San Patricio road. A small number of them stand by the grave a bare remnant of that noble band, he continued. The men were all most naked as we were cuting (sic) up tent cloth to make us panteloons (sic) while a good many of us are bare footed. A schooner bringing provisions and clothes had wrecked. resident, formerly Alabama, Followed his uncle, John Sutherland Jr., into the Alamo. They are going to shoot us! and at the same instant [John] heard the clicking of musket locks all along the Mexican line.[7], Dodging the first round of fire and avoiding a close encounter with the end of a bayonet, John C. Duval was subsequently able to reach the San Antonio River without being struck by the barrage of bullets that followed. Santa Anna's main army took no prisoners; execution of the murderous decree of December 30, 1835, fell to Gen. Jos de Urrea, commander of Santa Anna's right wing. Casualty reports include 630 Mexican soldiers killed and 730 taken prisoner. On learning of the siege, he joined Fannin at Goliad, was captured at the, He was one of the Old Eighteen who refused to relinquish a cannon, leading to the. Magazine of American History. Previously served in the French Army in the. He was captured at Goliad; Observers of the drawing later described the dignity, the firmness, the light temper, and general courage of the men who drew the beans of death. Portilla wrote that the total number of his prisoners was 445, exclusive of William P. Miller's eighty men, who had been captured without arms at Copano and were thus to be spared. Handbook of Texas Online, We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. Was originally a member of Breece's New Orleans Grays, Left to get supplies for the garrison about February 22, 1836. In mid-February he led a massive Mexican army across the Rio Grande, and after a 13-day siege of the Alamo, crushed the rebels in San Antonio. Omissions? fought at Bexar remained at Alamo with Carey, fought at Bexar remained at Alamo with Blazeby, rode back in as part of the "Immortal 32", fought at Bexar, Gonzales resident, member "Old Eighteen", Travis' emissary to Almonte, carried Travis' 2/24 message to Gonzales, returned with Gonzales relief. Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell. Died September 3, 1836, from complications of wounds suffered at the, Commanding officer of Greys infantry company after Baugh, February 16 courier to Goliad & Gonzales, returned to San Antonio March 3, Commander of volunteers, co-commander of the garrison, fought at Bexar, knife design named for him, fell ill while commanding. After the speech concluded, McMahon and David Sifuentes, another one of the events organizers, manually loaded flintlock muskets and fired off a three-round salute. Antonio Ramrez, and first adjutant Agustn Alcrrica (a colonel in the Tres Villas Battalion in April 1836). WebDr. In eight days, home and liberty!". His brother, Charles Jennings, was executed during the Goliad Massacre. In obedience to Santa Annas orders, on this day in 1836 Urrea ordered his men to open fire on Fannin and his soldiers, along with about 100 other captured Texans. Meanwhile, to the south, Santa Annas chief lieutenant, General Urrea, moved to destroy another faction of the rebel army attempting to defend the town of Goliad. Some of the prisoners taken at Refugio but not executed with King's men are known to have been at Goliad, where they were again spared because they were serving the Mexican army as blacksmiths, wheelwrights, or other artisans. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. [9] 640-acre Donation certificates were issued for participating in any one of the following engagements: the Siege of Bexar, the Battle of the Alamo, the Goliad Massacre, and the Battle of San Jacinto. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Although not as famous as the Battle of the Alamo, the execution of Fannins troops at There was a problem saving your notification. Texas Revolution: Santa Anna responds: the Alamo and the Goliad Massacre. When the Mexican and Texan commissioners seeking surrender terms failed to agree, Urrea shortened the conference by dealing directly with Fannin and proposing written terms, under which the Texans should give up their arms and become prisoners of war "at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government." Every penny counts! High 88F. McMahon said the participants did extensive research to represent the funeral as closely as possible, despite the limited documentation of the event. His solution was tested after November 15, 1835, when Gen. Jos Antonio Mexa attacked Tampico with three companies enlisted at New Orleans. Pedro (Luis?) Logans second letter, which went to a friend, was headed Goliad, Texes (sic) 24th Feby 1936, the same day William B. Travis wrote his famous Victory or Death letter from the Alamo, the GLO reported. Killed in the Alamo Chapel before he could blow up the powder magazine. The Texas cause was dependent on the material aid and sympathy of the United States. Houston Wade, Notes and Fragments of the Mier Expedition (La Grange, Texas: La Grange Journal, 1936). In 1936, in celebration of the Texas Centennial, money was appropriated to build a massive pink granite monument, dedicated on June 4, 1938. In fall 1836 Captain Thomas Breece compiled a list of the men who had originally been under his command, and marked Morman as killed at the Alamo. General Urrea departed Goliad, leaving command to Colonel Jos Nicols de la Portilla. Colonel Fannin was the last to be executed, after seeing his men executed. All Rights Reserved. (Bigfoot) Wallace, standing close to the scene of the drawing, decided that the black beans were the larger and fingered the tokens successfully to draw a white bean. The slaughter of Colonel James W. Fannins troops in the Goliad Massacre, perpetrated three weeks after the fall of the Alamo, resulted in the single largest loss of life for the Texians during the Texas Revolution. For information about how to add references, see Template:Citation. Facing extremely long odds, the men chose to stay and fight. Brother-in-law of Alamo defender George Cottle. We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. As the Mexican cavalry approached on February 23, Travis dispatched courier John Johnson to ask Colonel, Likely a courier who left with a message to Fannin on February 23. They were advised not to take off the arm band, since Mexican troops were hunting for those few who had escaped from Coleto, Victoria, and the massacre itself. Shepherd survived the firing squad by pretending to be dead. Black Bean Episode, William A. In this critical predicament, Colonel James Fannin and his staff had voted to surrender the Texian forces on the 20th. ISBN, Groneman, Bill (1990). WebThe first report of the names of the Texian victims of the battle came in the March 24, 1836 issue of the Telegraph and Texas Register. On the first day of the siege, Bowie sent Jameson as a messenger to speak with representatives of the Mexican army. Our tribute of respect is due to them.. Meantime, on March 23, evidently doubting Urrea's willingness to serve as executioner, Santa Anna sent a direct order to the "Officer Commanding the Post of Goliad" to execute the prisoners in his hands. ISBN, Myers, John Myers (1948). Ceremonies were held in Goliad to honor the memory of the massacre that took place in 1836. You have permission to edit this article. At the Goliad Massacre, Santa Anna ordered the execution of Col. James Fannin and almost 350 of his men. [1] The execution of the Texan soldiers, however horrific, was not without precedent. According to most lists, Bowman was killed at the Alamo. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for clemency for the Texians. (1992). A statue of the Angel of Goliad stands outside the walls of Presidio La Bahia. The TSHA makes every effort to conform to the principles of fair use and to comply with copyright law. After repulsing one Mexican assault, Fannin realized there was no chance of escape. The following, adapted from the Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition, is the preferred citation for this entry. Those not killed were pursued and slaughtered by gunfire, bayonet, or lance. On March 19, Urrea surrounded the small column of rebel soldiers on an open prairie, where they were trapped without food, water, or cover. Last courier to leave the Alamo (March 5); died April 25, 1901. possibly aka George Anderson, Quartermaster. A statue of the Angel of Goliad is adorned with flowers at the Presidio La Bahia near Goliad March 25, 2007. Later in 1883 while living in El Paso County, he applied for and received an additional donation as a surviving veteran of the Texas Revolution. Though some evidence suggests that Taylor and his brothers were victims of the Goliad Massacre, their We'll send you a couple of emails per month, filled with fascinating history facts that you can share with your friends. The wounded Texans, about fifty (some estimates are much higher) including doctors and orderlies, Colonel Fannin among them, were returned to Goliad over the next two days. [7], Also spared were the 75 soldiers of William Parsons Miller and the Nashville Battalion, who had surrendered while still unarmed. "A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin". Joseph Barnard came to Texas on December 14, 1835. A man-by-man study of Fannin's command indicates that 342 were executed at Goliad on March 27. Neill signed an affidavit in 1838 swearing that when he left the Alamo on February 14 Harrison was a member of the garrison, and to his knowledge Harrison remained with the garrison and was killed in the battle. Helped compile the first list of slain Alamo defenders for the Telegraph and Texas Register issue of March 24, Fought at Bexar in Parrott's Artillery Company, Navan is on the J.C.Neill list of Carey's company, when Neill left the Alamo in mid February, single, son of John & Elizabeth Mansfield Nelson. Urrea complied to the extent of issuing an order to shoot his prisoners, along with those captured in the battle of Agua Dulce Creek, but he had no stomach for such cold-blooded killing; and when Father Thomas J. Malloy, priest of the Irish colonists, protested the execution, Urrea remitted the prisoners to Matamoros, asking Santa Anna's pardon for having done so and washing his hands of their fate.
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