Directional Drilling Directional drilling is the drilling of non vertical wells. Broken water pipe in Jackson, Miss., leaks 5 million gallons per day, Much of Florida Keys loses water pressure after main break, Texas lawmakers prepare to set aside billions to upgrade states aging water system, Job Complications Lead To AXIS System Solution, $3 million grant funding broadband internet installation in rural Michigan communities, Rewiring Floridas Intracoastal Movable Bridges Via HDD. FIGURE 1. The recent (2022) edition of ASTM F1962 has revised the relevant physical characteristics of the PE materials, providing the physical properties for the most recent high density polyethylene (HDPE) material, PE4710. Advancement of tooling within loose uncemented soils is largely accomplished by hydraulic excavation. Physical properties of the PE material(s) are provided in the appendices, which allow determination of an appropriate wall thickness for the pipe, depending on its diameter and estimated peak pulling force (or tendency to collapse). %PDF-1.5 % [2], Directional boring/HDD is generally accomplished in three principal phases. Both ends of the bore path must be investigated to confirm their feasibility for successfully completing the installation of the large, long pipeline. Polyethylene pipe is the pipe of choice for trenchless installations using directional drilling. What truly separates HDPE from other pipe materials is that when it is fused together (using a wide variety of standard and custom components, fittings and joining systems) it creates one homogenous system that matches the same technical and environmental specifications as the HDPE pipe. Most soil and rock types can be drilled with the appropriate tooling and processes. The stiffness of the steel drill rods determines their allowable curvature, in order to avoid fatigue. Thus, ASTM F1962 provides a means of determining project feasibility, as well as initial design information. It can be used on land, sea, urban areas and rivers. The ASTM document provides overall guidelines for a maxi-HDD operation, addressing preliminary site investigation; safety and environmental considerations, regulations and damage prevention; bore path layout and design; implementation; and inspection and site cleanup. Lastly, the pipeline is pulled into the enlarged hole, thus creating a continuous segment of pipe underground exposed only at the two initial endpoints. 3.0 SCHEDULE . on the User Inputs and the embedded mathematical formulas and values. Horizontal directional drilling shall consist of the drilling of a small diameter pilot hole from one end of the alignment to the other, followed by enlarging the hole diameter for the pipeline insertion. The pulling load on the polyethylene pipe must not exceed the allowable tensile load, or safe pull strength of the pipe. At no time during welding or installation must the pipe be allowed to drag on the ground and it must therefore be supported on rollers, though it should be stored directly on the ground to avoid indentations from supporting rollers or timbers if there is to be a delay in installation. UI. North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT), (2008). Tensions induced in the PE pipe, as it passes any curve, become amplified because the tensile forces tend to pull the pipe against the curved surface. Corresponding changes to the document, if any, were minimal, including providing additional or updated references. Wire-line locating system The wire-line system is a magnetic guidance system. Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is a cost-effective method for installing polyethylene (PE) gas pipe in urban and congested suburban areas, and many gas utilities have come to appreciate its advantages. [citation needed], Location and guidance of the drilling head is an important part of the drilling operation, as the drilling head is under the ground while drilling and, in most cases, not visible from the ground surface. Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling -. Orlandos Richard Howard brought global view, acclaim to innovative public works program, Utility and communications: Construction Update, RehabZone continues to educate infrastructure industry, Underground Infrastructure Conference moves to OKC in 2024, Technical guide to variations of close-fit liners for mainline pipe, Cloud platform gives communities control over their revenue management destiny, ICE KING Launches new service to help with workforce hydration needs, Hyundai Offers Wheel Loader Guarding Package, Improved Compact Excavator. and Material (type of HDPE). It is a mixture of water and, usually, bentonite or polymer continuously pumped to the cutting head or drill bit to facilitate the removal of cuttings, stabilize the bore hole, cool the cutting head, and lubricate the passage of the product pipe. Pipes installed by HDD may increase in diameter, and therefore decrease in length, when pressurised, which will result in some axial tension. Once the bore has been completed and reamed to the required diameter, the PE100 pipe is prepared for pull-back by attaching the end to a pulling head, swivel, reamer and drill rods at the drill exit point. The intermediate horizontal segment, L, , may be of zero length. FIGURE 2 illustrates a typical geometry for a maxi-HDD operation, in this case corresponding to a river crossing. The stiffness of the steel drill rods determines their allowable curvature, in order to avoid fatigue. Any pipe installed by HDD is subject to loads of a different type and/or magnitude than are experienced in other construction methods, including by direct burial in a trench. Waste discharge, Drainage, Mining, Slurry, Sewer, Water Reticulation, Stormwater Systems 5.8m or 11.8m/ length with the flanges ends(customizable), National Standard Laboratory/ pre-delivery inspection, Research, Design, manufacture, Test, Sales, Solution Providing, After-sale service, Black with blue stripes, black or others colors. These pipelines can not only provide a design life of 100 years, but also provide solutions to major industry challenges such as corrosion and high leakage rates. Pipefusion is a supplier of high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE) available in solid wall, perforated, profile wall, insulated and gas applications. The benefits of using HDPE for this applications are: Pipefusion provides polyethylene pipe, on-site fusion services, molded and fabricated fittings and custom fabrication to Directional Drilling contractors across Canada. Such effects are independent of the pipe stiffness, pipe diameter, borehole clearance, radius of curvature or direction of curvature, and, in some cases become a major consideration due to their compounding effect. 0000009157 00000 n Software tools are based on the ASTM F1962 document and model. At the "maxi" end of the range, several loads of equipment are typically shipped to site and the site area required is a significant consideration. These units may be capable of anywhere from 5,000 lbs to 100,000 lbs of thrust/push force and may be used for spanning between a house basement to a nearby shared water pipe. Truly international membership currently comprising 13 member companies: Borealis, Borouge, FPC, INEOS O&P, IRPC, Korea Petrochemical IND. The route of the new main should be carefully investigated to identify any potential clashes with existing buried infrastructure and, where necessary, the exact locations of any such clashes should be proved by trial holing. xref This is the basis of MAB-7 (2020), MAB Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of HDPE (PE4710) Pipe in Municipal Applications, as referenced in the 2022 edition of ASTM F1962. Alternate materials will require prior approval. 0000002230 00000 n Calculator allows, users are recommended to review PPI TR-46 and/or ASTM The Calculator uses input such as directional changes in the bore path, and other project variables, to determine the Calculated Tensile Load on the selected HDPE conduit, as compared to the . Section includes requirements for Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pressure Sewer pipe. Those joints are also the pathway for contaminates to enter the pipe system. It is conducive to protecting the environment and does not affect the normal passage of roads. $``bd20 3|` F The output of the Calculator can be used to assist the User in Depending on the location and extent of the operation, a variety of permits or approvals may be required, possibly from federal, state or local jurisdictions. 0000017224 00000 n W9 ]9-j?aV088I Directional boring offers significant environmental advantages over traditional cut and cover pipeline/utility installations. 0000017112 00000 n Lighter, stronger and cheaper to transport and install resulting in projects delivered on time and on budget; Joins seamlessly using heat fusion techniques resulting in less down time and less fittings and one continuous, permanent leak proof system; Lowimpact installation practices such as horizontal directional drilling and other trenchless operations result in minimized social disruption and reduced construction costs; Highly flexible and can withstand stress and as a result can conform to earth movements due to earthquakes and ground shifts without pipeline cracks or leaks; Impact and fatigue resistant resulting in increased life cycle performance and decreased tangible capital asset management costs over time; High performance resins, such a s PE 4710, make the pipe corrosion and chemical resistant resulting in pipes that last longer and perform better; Accepts repetitive pressure surges that significantly exceed the static pressure rating; Environmentally friendly and uses less energy to manufacture. Directional drilling is the drilling of non vertical wells. In addition, there should be a detailed subsurface investigation, including test borings and soil analysis, to confirm the general suitability for the drilling operation, and to determine the appropriate equipment and hardware. Pipe manufacturers can advise on the allowable loads. International, Inc., 2015, pg. Noise and air pollution are also kept to a minimum and rehabilitation time is short. For direct comparison, two instrumented 200mm SDR-17 DIPS HDPE pipes were . In many instances, smaller bores do not require the use of drilling fluid, only water, and in even less significant bores no fluids at all. The technique is routinely used when conventional trenching or excavating is not practical or when minimal surface disturbance is required. It is using a simple flat blade slant face head for drilling in clay, the excavation being typically sized for man entry piecing up. Gyro-based locating system The gyro based system is fully autonomous and therefore one of the most accurate systems where sufficient diameter, HDD Design Guideline Task Committee of the Technical Committee on Trenchless Installation of Pipelines (TIPS) of the Pipeline Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The ASTM International document provides overall guidelines, addressing preliminary site investigation, safety and environmental considerations, regulations and damage prevention, bore path layout and design, implementation, and inspection and site cleanup. Monitoring and contingency planning should be in place prior to and during drilling below or in the proximity of environmentally sensitive locations. The physical properties of the PE4710 material allow greater pulling forces and also provide greater resistance to collapse. Rizkalla, Moness. Soils containing high percentage of gravel and cobbles are best avoided unless the contractor is especially experienced in the conditions. For larger diameters, and in rock, the drilled material must be removed from the bored hole as drilling and reaming progresses. HDD, also known as directional boring, was developed in the early 1960s and was first used by the oil and gas industry on large-diameter, cross-country pipeline transmission line installations. The development of trenchless technology to rehabilitate existing underground infrastructure with minimal disruption to surface traffic, business, and other activities, has left a lasting impact on the construction and civil engineering industries. Successive reamers of increasing diameter are used until the bore is of sufficient size to accept the PE100 pipe. ASTM F1962 contains 10 main chapters or sections, as briefly described below, supplemented by several appendices. HDPE pipes are ideal for pulling through long, underground holes as they are flexible, robust, and resistant to almost all aggressive elements. Pull Strength of the conduit in terms of Diameter Type (IPS, SIDR, or Chapter 12 of the Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe, TR-46, Guidelines for Use of Mini-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of High Density Polyethylene Pipe. Pilot holes are enlarged in pre-reaming stages using a reamer (soft soils) or a hole opener (rock). Large "maxi" drilling rig. Trenchless technologies, such as horizontal directional drilling, pipe bursting and slip lining allow the entire water supply and drainage system of a city to be replaced without causing a major traffic jam and incurring the enormous cost of restoring streets and roads. hb```b``d`a`` @p!y The HDPE pipe chosen for the twin sewage tunnels has an outside diameter of 740mm and an internal diameter of 600mm, with a standard dimensional ratio (SDR) of 11 and a pressure rating of 16 bars. The third stage places the product or casing pipe in the enlarged hole by way of the drill stem; it is pulled behind the reamer to allow centering of the pipe in the newly reamed path. The risk of scoring of the pipe can be minimised by ensuring the reamed bore is of sufficient diameter and properly cleaned and proved prior to pipe pull-back. Thus, a commonly used procedure for difficult or very long installations is to fill the pipe with water to reduce the buoyancy. Which Method to Use When Estimating Maxi-HDD Installation Loads- ASTM F1962 or the PRCI Method. Drilling uids are designed to match the soil and cutter. This arc follows a preset bore path using a surface drilling rig. Supporting the 10 main sections, several appendices provide the physical properties of selected PE material, as well as a means of determining the post-installation loads and pipe deflection. In contrast, tooling intended to navigate soft soils may be limited to high carbon steel (milled to a desired shape and size). Safety is a primary concern, during any activity, including construction utilizing maxi-HDD equipment and procedures. All three systems have their own merits, and a particular system is chosen depending upon the site requirements. select the wall type based on those results and other factors. Drilling fluid may escape to the surface or other facilities unless carefully managed. %PDF-1.6 % The recent (2022) edition of ASTM F1962 has revised the relevant physical characteristics of the PE materials, providing the physical properties for the most recent high density polyethylene (HDPE) material, PE4710. 4498 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4208EEF0A5E3F94484FA965871FBCC68><35164F1782C1CE48B496975219464345>]/Index[4487 20]/Info 4486 0 R/Length 74/Prev 887916/Root 4488 0 R/Size 4507/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream With a magnetic guidance system (MGS), the tool reads inclination and azimuth. High-density polyethylene pipe is the most common type of pipe used in the directional drilling market and is used for 49.7% of projects. Relevant material properties for PE pipe, such as safe pulling tension/stress, are also provided in the document. These units are used in conjunction with a drilling fluid reclaimer, high volume pump or pumps, an excavator (or comparable equipment for managing drill pipe), along with an assortment of other ancillary equipment (e.g. Thus, ASTM International F 1962 provides a means of determining project feasibility, as well as initial design information. Coiled pipe generally has significant degrees of curvature and ovality, and as these prevent electrofusion (or mechanical joints) of good quality being produced, as well as increasing drag and the risk of scoring damage during insertion, the pipe should be passed through a straightener re-rounder before insertion. q$mO9-Dbqbv(ln!1*YDt=.7 At the surface a receiver (usually a hand-held. Table 5 - Safe Pull Loads for HDPE Pipes 24. iii Foreword Polyethylene Pipe for Horizontal Directional Drilling is one of the chapters being pre-pared for inclusion in the Plastics Pipe Institutes PPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pip-ing, which will be issued as a complete volume in the future. The ASTM document provides overall guidelines for a maxi-HDD operation, addressing preliminary site investigation; safety and environmental considerations, regulations and damage prevention; bore path layout and design; implementation; and inspection and site cleanup. These may include the need to file environmental, health and safety plans, or permits for passing beneath waterways, and there may be special requirements for drilling beneath railroads. Day 1 Equipment Arrives Days 2-5 Locate and identify utilities . ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Lawrence Slavin, Ph.D., provides outside plant consulting services as a member of IEEE, the worlds largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. Image Courtesy:Exova Utilities, Pipe coil trailer loaded with 100metres of 180mm PE pipe. Day Activities . The full range of PE100 diameters from the smallest to a maximum diameter of around 1200mm can be installed by HDD, though the required installation length may limit the use of PE100 pipe even if a heavy wall pipe is used. For standardization of the techniques, different trenchless technology promoting organizations have developed guidelines for this technique. illustrates the operation in a city or urban application. It is used instead of other techniques to provide less traffic disruption, lower cost, deeper and/or longer installation, no access pit, shorter completion times, directional capabilities, and environmental safety. HDD is a steerable trenchless technique of installing everything from pipe to cable with minimal construction footprint and minor impact on surrounding areas. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is often used to install HDPE pipe in situations where an obstacle, either above ground or below the surface, does not allow traditional installation methods to be used. Due to the magnitude and complexity of maxi-HDD equipment and control systems, a well-trained, experienced crew is essential to plan and execute the operation. It's flexibility, strength and fused joints as strong as the original pipe itself, make it ideal for HDD applications. %PDF-1.6 % ~U4chn~ _ 0000002438 00000 n 3), PR-277-144507-Z01 Installation of Pipelines by Horizontal Directional Drilling Engineering Design Guide (Arlington, VA: Pipeline Research Council It is important that, if the pipe to which the new pipe is being connected has spigot and socket joints, which will have little end load resistance, means must be provided to absorb the axial tension. In some situations, more than one wall type will have sufficient [3], The process is suitable for a variety of soil conditions including clay, silt, sand, and rock. Along with the recent developments in drilling equipment and operator expertise, there has been, and will continue to be, a dramatic increase in the installation of water and sewer systems using directional drilling. This can be changed at any time via the Cookies link at the bottom of the page. See also Excavations, pit sizes, Space and Access. FIGURE 2 illustrates a typical geometry for a maxi-HDD operation, in this case corresponding to a river crossing. This method has a very small potential damage footprint provided that adjacent buried infrastructure can be accurately located. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Calculator with HDSS or TR FLEX Pipe Horizontal Directional Drilling / Trenchless Applications and Pulling Heads Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) News About Us History Our Vision, Our Mission, Our Values Our Leadership About Quikrete Industry Links Terms & Conditions of Sale/Purchase Website Conditions of Use [citation needed], Horizontal directional drilling is done with the help of a viscous fluid known as drilling fluid. The staging of larger diameter and longer pipelines may require the use of pipe rollers and other facilities to ensure the pipe is not damaged during pull-back. However, they are sufficiently general to consider the possible implementation of anti-buoyancy measures to reduce these otherwise high frictional forces. To determine HDPE pipe performance during and following construction, linear displacement transducers, strain gauges, and a temperature probe . [citation needed], For smaller bores, proportionally smaller and more portable equipment is available. 0000020956 00000 n While the document provides useful information for evaluating the potential for collapse under lateral pressures, either during of following installation, the most widely used portion of ASTM F1962 are the formulae for estimating the pulling tensions corresponding to the leading end of the pipe reaching point A, B, C and D. These formulae account for the frictional drag acting on the pipe along the surface of the borehole, primarily due to the high buoyant weight of the HDPE pipe, within the relatively dense drilling fluid, especially for vacant pipe. Unnecessarily large curvatures (sharp bends) also contribute to bending stresses in the HDPE pipe, but generally are not significant for such a flexible product. 0000010170 00000 n Drill bit location for smaller and shallow installations is typically transmitted by a battery powered sonde, located just behind the bit, the signals being picked up by a receiver operated at the surface. The effect of shear forces directly imparted on the surface of the pipe by the drilling fluid (fluidic drag) has been handled in a widely disparate manner within the industry and is sometimes a major consideration. D2dIFya Smaller drilling rigs suitable for installation of smaller diameters pipes are self-propelled rigs, typically track mounted, requiring little in the way of additional support equipment. endstream endobj startxref The image above shows a straightener re-rounder being used on a 180mm pipe, and whilst it is in the trench here, it can be attached to the coil trailer if so desired. A clogged bore creates back pressure on the cutting head, slowing production. This is not a technique to which the lowest price wins the contract principle should be applied. Weight is calculated using DN and Minimum wall plus 6% for use in estimating fluid flow. HDPE Electrofusion Welding Fitting with Bar Code, HDPE Fittings Butt Fusion Welding Fitting, CPVC Pipe& Fittings ASTM Schedule Series SCH40 and SCH80, UPVC Pipe& Fittings ASTM Schedule Series SCH40 and SCH80, UPVC Pipes and Fittings Underground Drainage and Sewerage Pipes, UPVC Pipes and Fittings pipes for Irrigation System, Modified Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC-M) Pipes, CPVC Pipes and Fittings for Hot and Cold Water, UPVC Conduits for Underground Telecommunication Cable, PVC (or PVCU) Rubber Ring Joints in PN10 and PN16, PVC (or PVCU) Solvent-Cement Fittings in PN10 and PN16, 63-250mm Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 160-315mm Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 225-400mm Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Butt Welding Fusion Machine, 40-355mm Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 200-800mm Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 630-2000mm Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 400-630mm Semi-Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 90-355mm CNC Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 200-1000mm CNC Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 630-2000mm CNC Automatic Hydraulic Butt Fusion Welding Machine, 20-1600mm Fully Automatic Electro Fusion Welding Machine, 63-200mm Manual Rotated Butt Fusion Welding Machine 2 Rings, 63-250mm Boutique Manual Rotated Butt Fusion Welding Machine 4 Rings, 63-200mm Manual Rotated Type Butt Fusion Welding Machine 4 Rings, 63-200mm Manual Rotated Type Butt Fusion Welding Machine 2 Rings, 63-200mm Manual Push Type Butt Fusion Welding Machine, Geomembrane Welding Machine BGT-800 Series, Geomembrane Welding Machine BGT-900 Series, HDPE Butt Fusion Injection Flange Adapter(Stub End with Back Ring), HDPE Electrofusion Stub End(Flange Adaptor), Polypropylene Compression 90 Degree Elbow, HDPE Flange Adaptor/Stub End SDR7.4 and SDR9, Fabricated HDPE Reducing Cross Pipe Fitting, HDPE Fabricated Reducing Tee with concentric or eccentric end, HDPE Pipes and Fittings for Fire Fighting, HDPE Hot Wedge Welding Machine BGT-GM Serie, Geomembrane Hot Air Welding Machine BGT-700, Dual Heating Extrusion Welder Series BGT-600A/B/C, Dual Heating Extrusion Welder Series BGT-610A/B/C, Single Heating Extrusion Welder BGT-600E/600F/610E, Plastic Granules Extrusion Welding Machine BGT-620, High Density Polyethylene Trenchless Pipes For Horizontal Directional Drilling, Bingo pipeline(Customer brand is available), QA & QC system, Ensure traceability of each process. Thus, FIGURE 2 shows the drilling operation proceeding from right to left, in contrast to FIGURE 1, where the drilling proceeds from left to right. startxref 0000029623 00000 n 0000018014 00000 n The driller increases the diameter according to the outer diameter of the conduit and to achieve optimal production. It should not be used in place of the advice from a licensed Professional Engineer. During pull-in of the pipe a load link should be inserted between the swivel and the pipe to show and record the axial load applied. Midi-HDD equipment may be used for crossing beneath rivers and roadways. Soils containing high percentage of gravel and cobbles are best avoided unless the contractor is especially experienced in the conditions. In the absence of ballast, the maximum total calculated tension will typically occur towards the end of the installation; e.g., at point C or D. The net resulting peak tensile stress is required to be less than the safe pull tensile stress of the HDPE pipe.
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