When therapists practice psychotherapy in an office, there is inevitably some downtime. Here are a few therapeutic approaches that are difficult or nearly impossible to conduct online: As we mentioned earlier, in-office therapy typically costs between $75 and $150 for a 45-60 minute session. << Some Forms of Therapy Are Difficult or Nearly Impossible Online. /Type /Page /Contents 105 0 R Is highly structured. /Rotate 0 The symbolic logic regarding the primary function of rituals is that it applies to both girls and boys, and the socialization process starts during childhood and reaches its climax in the initiation rituals at puberty and marriage. Simon George Taukeni. /Contents 67 0 R Building these skills might provide new career opportunities such as management positions in telehealth companies. >> /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Rotate 0 A successful marriage is not only measured on the basis of fundamental aspects of stability, longevity, and prosperity, but also on the number of children born. A cursory review of the literature [1, 3, 4, 5, 6] suggests that the concept of traditional counseling is rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices, and it promotes a collective approach to problem identification, resolution, and management. Counseling, as casual but purposeful contact and interaction between people, has an origin as ancient as the genesis of humankind. Theoretical framework of traditional counseling. By using texting therapy online, you dont need to meet the therapist or look them in the eye as you dig into sensitive issues. There is no correct or incorrect choice when it comes to the issue of in-person vs. online therapy. Marriage is a legally recognized union between a man and woman, in which they are united sexually, cooperate economically, interact socially, and live together productively, as a unified entity. WebRelated to Traditional Counseling. endobj /Type /Font /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] >> WebEven with the emergence of modern Guidance and Counselling, Traditional guidance and Counselling still plays a vital role in society. Advice and guidance is given to the family or members of the local community when young people are being initiated at puberty, or prepared for marriage, when people are in bereavement, and when people attend traditional, religious, ritual, and social ceremonies. /Resources 61 0 R << The needs of these people are different, and so is their demand for traditional counseling. For individual problems, many people find an acceptable answer in either witchcraft, or supernatural influence, or both. 33 0 obj Ritualism is a common feature in contemporary society, and many people practice rituals as part of the cultural norm, religious service, or sheer traditional requirement. Ideally, the technology becomes transparent, so it simply serves as a tool for communication, without requiring attention in and of itself. Witchcraft is an enduring belief and occurs throughout central and southern Africa, among rural and urban populations alike. The mythical interpretation of the universe is an active part of everyday life and a vital social force. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] The term culture is novel and broad. As such some scholars argue that online counseling should not replace traditional therapy but rather be used when necessary bearing in mind that not all cases can be handled via e-counseling [8]. << /Rotate 0 Multiculturalism recognizes the interplay of the cultural influence between the counselor and client and how those influences determine or affect the counseling process outcomes. Research Methods Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and integration of sociocultural values that are peculiar to each human society. Rituals have important cultural, social, psychological and symbolic dimensions to people who take part in ritual practices [22]. >> /ExtGState << Young people in adolescence are regarded as adults, capable of marrying or being married and bearing children. Like in the past, it takes place within the kinship system, family and community. /Ascent 691 /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Contents 34 0 R Oral history as a source and method has been central to the development of African historiography, and no element has served as a clearer signature of, and for, the traditional oral source, within the programs of recovering the African past [2]. << << Second, multiculturalism is a broad theory that is conceptualized based on multiple levels of human experience and sociocultural affiliations. /Type /Page /Resources 121 0 R Does not address deeper generational issues. Alexa skill, Blog When there is failure, or dissatisfaction with a problem resolution at the zone committee level, the matter can be referred to the Chief, who is the final authority. >> If you are in a life threatening situation dont use this site. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Filter /FlateDecode Beliefs in bad luck, fate, or chance, are generally associated with failure to engage in constructive behaviors and depression in the face of chronic illness. The prescribed order of performance is not only limited to religious service, but also encompasses other sociocultural actions and rites, including those performed by traditional leaders and traditional healers. They have an obligation to inform, guide, and advise their patients on the many aspects that surround the herbal treatment, observance of rituals related to the herbal remedies, and sexual prohibitions related to traditional taboos and customs. Traditional systems of knowledge deemed essential for each generation are passed on successively to the next generation by elderly people who do not only have the necessary wisdom and experience, but are also adorned with social competences and skills. /Contents 60 0 R /BG2 /Default Cognitive behavioral therapy relies on the will of the patient. They are the repositories of traditional knowledge, the embodiment of cultural competences, the experts in social skills, and the cherished models for emulation at the community level. Understanding the sociocultural context of a clients behavior and belief system is an essential psychological ingredient for the accurate assessment, amelioration, and management of problem situations presented by clients. Commuting to an office during business hours can be difficult. endobj /Contents 103 0 R It can take many hours to thoroughly search for a therapist who fits your needs and preferences. Articles are extensively reviewed by our team of clinical experts (therapists and psychiatrists of various specialties) to ensure content is accurate and on par with current industry standards. The history of witchcraft, spirit possession, and experiences of extrasensory perception, is old and deep-rooted, and part of the African culture [18]. >> They are given in the context of a patients culture, beliefs, and values, as well as within the confines of his expectations and aspirations. By Livingstone Malinge Gqeba and Nokuzola Gloria Gqeb By Ntsika Majiba and Nolonwabo Happiness Majiba, IntechOpen Limited /Type /Encoding In Zambia, with particular reference to the Nkomeshya chiefdom in Chongwe district for instance, the chiefdom comprises almost 150 villages that are supervised by village headmen/women [3]. Books > These values are instrumental in shaping peoples beliefs and attitudes. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] >> << They can use any combinations of these mediums at any time. Spirituality is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things that unite people into one single moral community, called a church. /Resources 117 0 R /Contents 124 0 R The process of pubertal rituals involves initiation counseling and mentoring. 37 0 obj Couples therapy For instance, diviners apply divination to discover the cause of sudden illness or death, or perceived bad luck; herbalists apply herbal medicines to treat illness or placate the spirit of the deceased, or induce good luck; spiritualists claim a special link to the underworld or dead ancestors as a source of their magical power to help people experiencing extrasensory phenomenal problems; and faith healers apply biblical inscription and prayer to ward off demon possession or enduring physical illness. /Parent 1 0 R Counseling and Therapy, Submitted: October 24th, 2019 Reviewed: November 8th, 2019 Published: January 4th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Whether you use a network or not, you cant charge clients as much for it. /Rotate 0 endobj There are many advantages to this approach. A cursory review of the literature suggests that the concept of traditional counseling is rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural customs and practices, and it promotes a collective approach to problem identification, resolution, and management. >> Our goal at Talkspace is to provide the most up-to-date, valuable, and objective information on mental health-related topics in order to help readers make informed decisions. Articles contain trusted third-party sources that are either directly linked to in the text or listed at the bottom to take readers directly to the source. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy [EMDR]. The initiation rituals of adolescence are essentially twofold: at puberty, and at marriage. Terms of use endobj Depending on severity and complexity of the problem situation or social issue at hand, it may be referred to the village headman/woman, prior to referral to either the village committee or the zone committee. /Type /Page Many people dont want to wait a week to chat with their therapist. For instance, most Africans, in both rural and urban communities, especially relatively poor people who cannot afford the cost of modern medicine and transport costs to sparsely located health facilities, generally use traditional healers for their primary health care needs. The benefits determined to be enjoyed from these interventions were improved states of happiness and decreases in depressive symptoms. /Resources 119 0 R Traditional counseling has always been part of the fabric of all human cultures and societies, present in the very midst of peoples and communities worldwide, from time immemorial. Sometimes talking isnt enough to express what you are thinking and feeling. /Differences [ 32 /space 40 /parenleft /parenright 44 /comma /hyphen /period 48 /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon 65 /A /B /C /D /E 72 /H /I 75 /K /L 78 /N 80 /P 82 /R /S /T /U 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i 107 /k /l /m /n /o /p 114 /r /s /t /u /v /w 121 /y 169 /copyright ] Adhering to the /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Whereas spirituality appears to be a simple phenomenon on the surface, in reality it entails a very complex system of symbolisms, ideas, beliefs and practices, which comprise the fundamental principles on which many people base their lives [20]. endobj Not everyone benefits from a group scenario, /Resources 115 0 R Witchcraft is closely linked to magic and sorcery, and sorcery is a form of destructive magic. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] This process not only empowers young people with relevant attitudes and knowledge, but also enhances their social competences and skills to handle similar issues when they grow into adulthood as valuable members of the community. With online therapists who are not affiliated with a network, the process varies depending on the therapist and potential client. As with modern counseling models, traditional counseling can take place in varying settings, and for different purposes and needs. When viewed from the perspective that indigenous knowledge has cultural implications and that all counseling is influenced by the cultural context, it is safe to conclude that traditional counseling approaches are rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices; they are essentially community-based and multicultural in nature; and they are routinely offered within a culturally acceptable environment by the local people [28]. Society exists, and exerts credence, where people behave and interact with one another based on mutual recognition, acceptance, and respect, and culture plays a significant role in the sphere of social life, as it is central to the development of any human society [4]. It doesnt allow individuals to identify /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] This view is in sharp contrast to the traditional view, which holds that young women at initiation are predominantly taught how to lie in bed with their future husbands in order to give them the greatest sexual satisfaction, how to behave as proper women, as married women, and mothers of families, and how to perform womens roles and responsibilities [21,23]. It is also a cultural expression. These reflect the period, circumstance and cultural factors surrounding a particular generation or human society, which acts as a reference point. It also enhances their ability to perpetuate traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices over successive generations for the common good of society. Equally important is the marriage initiation ritual. /Resources 102 0 R /Parent 1 0 R The values of people are a representation and reflection of their prior experiences during their developmental journeys through life. The broad and inclusive understanding of culture is that there are various factors that define a peoples culture. The collective wisdom of Africans is that elderly people are generally regarded as a valuable resource in the community. /Resources 104 0 R The disadvantages of individual therapy include: Cost. The problem is she cant take new clients at the moment. Saving Money Compared to Traditional Therapy. Its an issue of preference as well. 14 0 obj /Parent 1 0 R As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. Tradition and culture are indigenous entities, they are dynamic, and in constant flux. List of the Cons of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Most people globally practice some forms of traditional counseling, based on their sociocultural context, and the nature of presenting problems. << The interplay is between one person and the other, usually arising from envy, jealousy, and resentment, and is motivated by the desire for inheritance, revenge, malice, or appropriation of magical power, or for economic gain, enrichment, and prosperity. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] 28 0 obj /Rotate 0 Therapy for veterans /Rotate 0 1) To develop in students an awareness of opportunities in the society through relevant and useful /FontDescriptor 39 0 R << The revelation may have occurred near a river, rock, cave, mountain, tree, or any such other notable emblem. The conception of sexual-related taboos and ancestral worship translate into the collective belief systems inherent in traditional systems of knowledge, and cultural customs and practices. /Contents 114 0 R /Rotate 0 >> The multicultural theory is essential in counseling and working with people from different cultural backgrounds, irrespective of their continental affiliation or ethnicity. 7 0 obj Apparently, no particular worldview is right or wrong, good or bad, or superior to the other. Celexa vs Lexapro: Whats the Difference? endobj At the premarital stage, the focus is on the dos and donts of married life, family responsibility, and parentingmore of an induction process to enhance social competences and skills in readiness for marriage. endobj /Parent 1 0 R /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] endstream The African interpretation of childhood refers to a period spanning about 15 years of a childs life from conception, and integrates early teenage and pubescence. 9 0 obj Either choice will lead you to a happier life. You will need to try a different therapist or use online therapy to see the therapist you want. This is the locus of the collective belief system: people believe in both the seemingly good and bad things that affect their social behavior, communication patterns, interactions, and interpersonal relationships with others, and their environment. /Contents 87 0 R Girls and boys are transformed at puberty from autonomous maturing people into a pool of social entities, whose role is to contribute to the reproduction and sustainability of the whole community, and to perpetuate genealogical continuity [5]. endobj << Thats what therapists need to do to have an office. >> The traditional counseling process usually involves four elements: traditional counselor, client, family, and community (Figure 1). The initiation rituals at puberty are more pronounced for girls than boys, primarily because of the physiological implications and gender role responsibilities that separate girls from boys. The performance of rituals revolves around a deeper understanding, or involves an appreciable level of indigenous knowledge, social skills, and competences. /Resources 68 0 R << Traditional counseling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to physical illness, psychosomatic dysfunction, or cardiac failure, injury, or accident. /Contents 101 0 R /Rotate 0 WebWorking together with a counselor, healer, or helper from an unknown culture can vastly improve a counselors ability to be effective and the probability of success in implementing appropriate interventions. endobj >> /Rotate 0 First, the attitude that includes the traditional counselors affective, behavioral and cognitive functions; second, the awareness, which includes the traditional counselors self-awareness of her own cultural values, beliefs and biases and how that cultural background affects the interpersonal dynamics between herself and the client; third, the knowledge, which includes familiarity with the major assumptions in traditional systems of knowledge, cultural backgrounds of the clients, and available social networks and referral systems; and fourth, the skills that include the application of traditional interventions and strategies which foster instantaneous resolution or amelioration of the presenting concerns. endobj /Parent 1 0 R /Parent 1 0 R 6 0 obj 1. This chapter discusses the theoretical perspective of traditional counseling from an African context. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] << endobj endobj In Africa generally, religion and witchcraft constitute a recognizable component of most peoples everyday life and world view. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] All these views are correct. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] >> Religious gatherings are at the center of human creation, and are strongly connected with personal identity formation and group belonging. << /Contents 89 0 R The word spirituality is sometimes used interchangeably with faith or religion. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Its much easier to gain skills and keep them updated. 22 0 obj 3)To prevent chronic The plasticity of human behavior, that is, a persons ability and capability to learn from experience, adapt to new environments, and to be influenced by situational factors and duration of exposure, can all lead people to transcend their own culturally embedded boundaries. The traditional counselor must be proactive and interactive during the counseling process, and should be conscious of the sociocultural context of the client, his family and environment, which is in sharp contrast to the professional counselors role of reactivity and passivity, which is required in classical psychodynamic counseling practice. During the therapy session, youll be asked about what you hope to gain from the work youre doing. 25 0 obj The ritual of naming a child may take place at the household level, family level, or church level, and through consultation with a traditional healer. Counseling may have the following advantages: Peace of mind Counseling changes ones thoughts and brings peace of mind. << The central theme of multiculturalism is the assumption that the other mainstream modern counseling theories inadequately describe, explain, predict, and deal with, cultural diversity and dynamism of the clientele [25]. These key elements are elaborated hereunder. /Parent 1 0 R Initiation rituals have been a central part of traditional cultures of African society, from ancient times. /Type /Page endobj If you dont like talking as a way of expressing feelings and addressing mental health issues, in-person psychotherapy is not for you. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. WebTraditional counseling is very effective in the treatment of a variety of conditions including, but not limited to: Anxiety and Depression Trauma Recovery Postpartum Depression /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Accessibility, Special Offer: Get $100 off with code SPACE, As a therapist who specializes in eating disorders and body image issues, I have worked with clients who, While Talkspace is not available to people under 18-years-old, we recognize the importance of providing support for the, Online therapy is fast becoming the norm for those seeking therapy on their own terms. /Type /Page /Contents 116 0 R /Resources 90 0 R Totemic ritualism is influenced by the collective belief system that has evolved through a blending of various beliefs, values, and customs as a result of enlightenment, evangelism, socialization and globalization. 30 0 obj In most African countries, the sociocultural divide is prominent in rural villages, rural and urban townships, and various community settings. It is in the context of this understanding that it becomes imperative to promote and strengthen indigenous approaches of traditional counseling that are responsive to the social life and expectations of the local people. WebWhat are the Advantages of Individual Counselling? 5 0 obj endobj /ItalicAngle 0 Culture is complex, dynamic, and bears both overt and covert differences which are unique to each human society. The Cost of an Office Sometimes to make a lot of money, you need to spend a lot of money. You dont need to change your schedule. 3 0 obj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Resources 48 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Page Being traditional does not mean static or unchangeable, but rather, in keeping with the original sense of the term, it means that the living experience of cultural customs and practices is handed down from one successive generation to another in perpetuity. Careers It is anchored on some fundamental assumptions which are core to its theory, research and practice. For most people, getting married and bearing children are important transitional life events on their ladder to adulthood. /Subtype /Type1 Online therapy is not trying to replace traditional therapy, but it is a better fit for millions of people. Land shrines become associated with invisible entities or spirits, and are thus objects of veneration by the people in a particular community. Multiculturalism can be viewed as an umbrella term which incorporates within it a variety of shades of meanings, attitudes, beliefs, norms and values, and it is subject to different interpretations and applications [24]. The child can also be taken to a traditional healer or religious leader when he falls sick, where he is subjected to further rituals as part of the healing intervention. Hardware or software failure or internet service failure can impact the online availability of both counsellor and client. 3 Pros of Traditional Authority. Practicing psychotherapy in an office is no exception.