I expressed my concern and some uneasiness about the situation because our crews had been caught in dust before and knew the consequences. The relative-force ratio is a correlation of friendly combat power and. Specified Tasks. How do you weigh the importance of the mission with your ability to complete that mission safely? Template of enemy forces and essential weapon systems. Deviations or significant conclusions reached during their enemy analysis could positively or negatively affect the battalion's and companys plan should be shared immediately with the battalion, company commander and S-2. They decide where their forces can deploy into attack formations that facilitate the initial contact and still provide freedom of action for the bulk of their forces. Leaders assess risk continuously throughout COA development. How can the enemy use each avenue of approach? 7. A-40. A-38. If a solution does not exist, the leader must develop one. Leaders analyze the enemy's dispositions, compositions, strengths, doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable COA. Lessons Learned The leader must not only appreciate how much time is available, but he also must be able to appreciate the time/space aspects of preparing, moving, fighting, and sustaining. He uses these factors, gained from his relational combat power analysis matrix, as his frame of reference in tentatively selecting the best COA. Gaining complete understanding of the enemy's intentions can be difficult when his situation templates, composition, and disposition are unclear. At small-unit level, the enemy's most probable COA is what the enemy is most likely to do. Routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities which significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations, including seasons, festivals, holidays, funerals, political rallies, and agricultural crop/livestock and market cycles and paydays. Leaders should know the disposition, composition, strength, and capabilities of their forces one and two levels down. Compile data from other bases and other crews to help your crew make an informed decision about your mission. How can I take advantage of the limited illumination? What axes afford both clear fields of fire and cover and concealment? A-106. Where (the objective or location stated in company OPORD), and. (DRAW-D [defends, reinforce, attack, withdraw, or delay]). Identify number of units needed and operational. This is why the leader must develop a tactically sound and flexible plan. Higher headquarters provides the leader with civil considerations affecting the next echelons mission. Coordinating instructions to enhance execution and unity of effort, and to ease confusion between subordinate elements. You may begin work on the COA S&S after you have completed the C600 block of instruction and the C634 MDMP Exam. Leaders look at the terrain, foliage, structures, and other features along avenues of approach (and on objectives or key terrain) to identify sites offering cover (protection from the effects of direct and indirect fire) and concealment (protection from observation). 8. Beginning with the decisive point identified during mission analysis, the leader identifies the decisive operation's purpose and purposes of his shaping and sustaining operations. Start with Situation Template 2. The answers to the following questions become inputs into developing a COA. On this day, he made the decision to shut down and wait for the weather to pass. Seize, destroy, and neutralize are examples of tasks associated with an offensive operation. The sketch provides a picture of the maneuver aspects of the concept. Additionally, they apply these conclusions when they develop COA for both enemy forces and their units. A-24. As a result, he changed his report to three-quarters of a mile visibility. Heavy snow cover can reduce the efficiency of many communication systems as well as degrade the effects of many munitions and air operations. -Form of maneuver or type of defensive operation. Where is the dead space in my area of operations? These tasks must be accomplished to achieve the subordinate units purpose. Back on the ground with both flights shut down, we secured the aircraft and headed back to the TOC to check with Air Force weather regarding improved visibility later in the evening. We stopped our climb at a base altitude of 3,000 feet and returned to the airfield. Leaders use tactical mission task graphics and control measures (Refer to ADRP 1-02 for more information.) If more than one COA is developed, it must be sufficiently different from the others to justify full development and consideration. This is key terrain which seizure, retention, or control is necessary for mission accomplishment. Offensive considerations when analyzing obstacles and restricted terrain: How is the enemy using obstacles and restricted terrain features? The leader develops his entire COA from the decisive point. COA Statement and Sketch. He applies the results to the friendly and enemy COA he develops. From the modified combined obstacle overlay (MCOO) developed by higher headquarters, leaders already appreciate the general nature of the ground and effects of weather. Next, the leader analyzes relative combat power, generates options, arrays his forces, develops a CONOP, assigns responsibility, and prepares a COA statement and sketch. The leader also determines the capabilities of the next higher enemy element. Ethnic dynamics include religion, cultural mores, gender roles, customs, superstitions, and values certain ethnic groups hold dear which differ from other groups. It is beneficial for flight crews to know the area's weather trends. Leaders must continually improve their situational understanding Prepare COA Statements and Sketches Conduct a Course of Action Briefing. Constraints either prohibit or require an action. He begins TLP Step 3 after he issues his own WARNORD, and after he has received companys third WARNORD, or until he has enough information to proceed. A-73. How will cloud cover affect the target acquisition of the command launch unit? A-44. Higher commanders use boundaries to define their platoons and companies' areas of operations. Higher headquarters (two levels up) mission, intent, and concept. It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and COA development, rather than an observation: A-48. Identify friendly strengths to exploit the enemy weakness. ", A-33. Terrain and weather are the most important aspects. If necessary, how can I avoid such features? Cloud cover affects ground operations by limiting illumination and solar heating of targets. After developing the COA, the leader analyzes it to determine its strengths and weaknesses, visualizes the flow of the battle, identifies the conditions or requirements necessary to enhance synchronization, and gains insights into actions at the decisive point of the mission. Decisive terrain. Implied in the analysis of time is leader prioritization of events and sequencing of activities. This aspect of civil considerations reinforces the security of the community against poverty and other enablers to instability. For sustaining operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which enables both the shaping and decisive operation (again, nested concept). Determine where events will occur that differentiate between EN COAs (these become NAIs) 4. The leader must thoroughly understand when, where, and how the enemy prefers or tends to use his assets. Considerations may include: A-99. Events Finally, he must update previous timelines for his subordinates, listing all events affecting the platoon and its subordinate elements. We also obtained a report from the battle captain concerning the weather situation at the destination airfield. Analyze how vital civilian areas affect the missions of respective forces and how military operations affect these areas. This preview shows page 13 - 24 out of 34 pages. Generate Options A-67. Civil considerations include the influences of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes, activities of civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operation, with regard to the conduct of military operations. How do our forces build national will in our area of operations? R&S assets and, most importantly, his and his higher headquarters pattern analysis and deductions about the enemy in his AO. He analyzes the area surrounding key terrain, objectives,engagement area, and obstacles. Other systems? A-112. How will obstacles and terrain affect the movement or maneuver of the unit? A-91. An intervisibility line analysis enables the leader to visualize the profile view of terrain when only a topographic product (map) is provided. They take five steps to fully analyze their assigned mission as directed from higher . The leader should focus his efforts to develop at least one well-synchronized COA; if time permits, he should develop several. How will this affect friendly and enemy target acquisition? He considers light data and identifies critical conclusions about If so, then they must decide how to adjust their plans to meet these new situations. Terrain is important for friendly observation, both for commanding and controlling and for calling for fire? A-108. Near the ground, high winds increase turbulence and may inhibit maneuver. Accident risk includes all operational risk other than tactical risk and can include hazards concerning friendly personnel, equipment readiness, and environment. A-81. Leaders in small units primarily use the COA statement and COA sketch to describe the concept of the operation. The leader identifies locations along each avenue of approach providing clear observation and fields of fire for both the attacker and defender. Some cloud cover questions follow: Temperature and Humidity Acceptable. Specified tasks are specifically assigned to a unit by a higher headquarters and are found throughout the OPORD. In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. Each COA the leader develops must be detailed enough to clearly describe how he envisions using all of his assets and combat multipliers to achieve the unit's mission-essential task and purpose. The leader must answer these questions: Precipitation Organizations of influence force the leader to look beyond preexisting civilian hierarchical arrangements. Offensive considerations in analyzing observation and fields of fire include , A-55. Analyzing the enemy answers the question, "What is the enemy doing and why?" He reviews his commander's conclusions and identifies his own. Even if it offers clear observation and fields of fire, it offers nothing if the enemy can easily bypass it, or if the selected course of action involves maneuver on a different avenue of approach. What are the strengths and weaknesses of subordinate leaders? Array initial forces. AGADAP Example Walk-through Part 3:. How will each avenue of approach affect the rate of movement of each type force? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms fancy Study by Action statement, Classes of Action Sketch, COA statment and sketch additionally see. These effects translate directly into conclusions applying to friendly or enemy COA. At greater altitudes, it can increase or reduce fuel consumption. To develop a COA, he focuses on the actions the unit must take at the decisive point and works backward to his start point. When the mission window passed, he canceled the mission. In order to keep communication at a standstill, phone lines are cut connecting the outside to the camp before the attack. A-23. Areas In developing the concept of the operation , the leader clarifies in his mind the best ways to use the available terrain and to employ the unit's strengths against the enemy's weaknesses. This can require reduced aircraft payloads. What locations afford cover and concealment as well as good observation and fields of fire? Will I attack toward the sunrise? A-100. What effect will this have on the way the enemy fights?. He locates intervisibility lines (ridges or horizons which can hide equipment or personnel from observation). Heavy cloud cover can degrade many target acquisition systems, IR guided munitions, and general aviation operations. Sometime before sunset, I headed out to preflight the aircraft. The commander also issues planning guidance to the staff, such as time limitations or a change in commander's intent. Not only does it facilitate planning, but it also aids in briefing subordinates. Selecting of movement techniques and formations, to include when to transition to tactical maneuver. Another example of essential terrain for a platoon and squad in the attack is high ground overlooking the enemy's reverse-slope defense. In all cases, the enemy's recent activities must be understood, because they can provide insight into his future activities and intentions. Leaders who analyze the ethnic dynamics of their area of operation can best apply combat power, shape maneuver with information related capabilities, and ultimately find the common denominator all ethnic varieties have in common and focus unit efforts at it. Using the product from generating options, the leader then determines what combinations of Soldiers, weapons, and other systems are needed to accomplish each task. The unit has the technical and tactical skills and resources to accomplish the COA, with available time, space, and resources. Commanders and staff officers who make link-diagrams of leadership including religious, political, and criminal personnel allow focused planning and decentralized execution which bolsters legitimacy within the population. He makes significant deductions about the terrain, enemy, and own forces affecting operations. A-110. Key Term coa statement and sketch example; Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. Just because the report you receive says you have legal weather, don't always assume it is accurate. A-98. Organizations Categories of terrain, unrestricted terrain free of restrictions to movement, so no actions are needed to enhance mobility. War gaming is the process of determining "what if?" A-49. "Send two Soldiers to assist in the loading of ammunition. This assessment is largely subjective. A-118. CBRN. They identify their headquarters tasks and purposes as well as their own contributions to this fight. A-61. Feasible. Priority intelligence requirements are information a leader needs to know about terrain or enemy to make a critical decision. Leaders who identify the economic production base of their area of operation can execute civil-military campaigns within their area of operation bolstering the economic welfare of the people. A-64. Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher. Leaders assess risk to protect the force and aid in mission accomplishment.