Humans are all interconnected, but they all have a unique background and culture. PDF Ancient Sumerian Mythology The Chronicles Of The Sumerian Peoples Myths Aton the sun, like AkhenAton. During the Third Dynasty of Ur, the Sumerian pantheon was said to include sixty times sixty (3600) deities. More broadly, it is in Babylon that the people of Israel will lay the foundations for a Judaism that is now deprived of the Temple. 6- Author 4 was called D. because he only worked on the text of Deuteronomy. The Sumerian goddess Inanna also developed the counterpart Ishtar during the Old Babylonian Period. Jesus and the Family: The Bible says honor your father and mother, yet Jesus says you must hate your father, mother, wife, children, and even your own life to be a disciple, and says to call no man on earth your father. First, Nammu, the primeval waters, gave birth to An (the sky) and Ki (the earth), who mated together. The Holy Spirit creates cosmic matter and exists independently of it. If Amos, Nahum, Habakkuk, Haggai, Malachi were names of real people, why are they not found elsewhere in Biblical history? In Mark 10:35-40, James and John are seen requesting to sit on the right and left of their Lord on the heavenly throne. (Video), Pompeii Unveiled: Discovering the City's Most Amazing Secrets (Video), What Did Ancient Greece Really Look Like? [3]:34. Four Religion: Theology, Rite, and Myth 112 Five Literature: The Sumerian Belles-Lettres 165 Six Education: The Sumerian School 229 Seven Character: Drives, Motives, and Values 249 Eight The Legacy of Sumer 269 APPENDIXES 301 A. The second chapter of Genesis (Kramer 1963 pp. The most important section of Kabbalah is the theory of the formation of the universe. Again, one can see parallels but also differences in the accounts. from one another by a solid dome. Temples served as cultural, religious, and political headquarters until approximately 2500 BC, with the rise of military kings known as Lu-gals ("man" + "big")[6] after which time the political and military leadership was often housed in separate "palace" complexes. Doggerland, Variousunder water cities and roads in Greece and Egypt, The lapita in samoa, Gulf of Combay city near India. He was the father of Utu and one of the patron deities of Ur. Enki fills it with lagoons and palm trees. For our creation, they used clay and blood from the God W-ilu, an angry God sacrificed for the occasion (who would be at the origin of the wrath of men). According to these tablets, the Anunnaki, or Anannge, were angels. [17]:86 The later Mesopotamians knew this underworld by its East Semitic name: Irkalla. The Bible is Fiction: A Collection Of Evidence - Daniel Miessler Might the Sumerians have borrowed their account from the Jews? to a wall. long lives, most in excess of 900 years. 'heart' of the clay that is over the Abzu " and "give The Sumerian culture, which can be traced as far back as the beginning of the Fourth Millennium BC, was the source of all the myths of Middle Eastern civilizations that followed, such as the Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian people who inherited much of the Sumerian culture. weeping for Tammuz (Dumuzi) during a drought. The stretcher chest, on the other hand, could be similar to the Ark of the Covenant as described in the Bible. The Sumerian language is the oldest linguistic record. The implication of course is that it suggesets that the Gospels are retellings of ancient stories. The Oldest Origin Story: Eridu Genesis - Searching for Wisdom will enjoy the epic stories of Ancient Mesopotamia that echoed through other great works like the Bible and the Odyssey. 5- Author 3 was called P. because it was established in his use of words and style that he was a priest. The Sumerian belief system offers a fascinating insight into the lives of these ancient [6] These tablets were also made of stone clay or stone, and they used a small pick to make the symbols. Biblical parallels in Sumerian literature Traces of Sumerian religion survive today and are reflected in writings of the Bible. Sumerian Mythology Revised Edition Samuel Noah Kramer "A real addition to the body of world mythology."-- American Anthropologist "No people has contributed more to the culture of mankind than the Sumerians, and yet it has been only in recent years that our knowledge of them has become at all accurate or extensive. or even a goddess (I Kings 11:5) or men considered superior (Exodus 4:16, I Samuel 28:13, Zechariah 12:8). Lisez donc les crits de cet Italien qui a crit : La Bible nest pas un Livre sacr DE plus la kabbale a rafl lArbre de Vie/Kundalini chez les Sumriens. It appears that the Bible was plagiarized from the Texts written more than 1,000 years previously. My mother, the high priestess, conceived me and bore me in secret. Main article: Sumerian creation myth The tale of Ziusudra is known from a single fragmentary tablet written in Sumerian, datable by its script to the 17th century BC (Old Babylonian Empire), and published in 1914 by Arno Poebel. Adad extended his deathly silence into heaven, reducing to darkness all that had been luminous. See our article : Worlds in Collision, a book that questions part of the Bible. [13]:3740 Enlil separated An from Ki and carried off the earth as his domain, while An carried off the sky. (MT 10:35-37, LK 12:51-53, 14:26, MT 23:9) God and Murder: God says killing is wrong, yet he advocates genocide. Christian Zionists claim that the modern state of Israel is a fulfillment of biblical prophecy. [19] The god Neti was the gatekeeper. The rest of the story tells that men served the Gods perfectly but they multiplied too quickly, made too much noise and eventually disturbed the Gods who decided to exterminate them. In my opinion the annunaki were fallen angels and the annunaki stories are part myth or taken from Enoch and genesis, not the . Nikola Tesla and numbers 3, 6, 9: The secret key to free energy? Presumably, the book of Genesis has its roots in Mesopotamia from the early part of the second millennium BC. The Hurrians adopted the Akkadian god Anu into their pantheon sometime no later than 1200 BC. He does not receive a covenant, Samuel Noah Kramer, an American Assyriologist, a specialist in Sumer and the Sumerian language, published a book in 1957 that became his best seller: In this book he develops the four common points between a Sumerian text that tells the story of the god Enki and the goddess Ninhursag in Dilmun and the text of the Garden of Eden: 1- Ninti (a goddess) is created from a coast. Skeptical, non-believing scholars try to paint early Judaism as polytheistic, but there is no solid evidence for this. Misfortune strikes Pharaoh Seti II, his firstborn son dies and follows him to the grave (which may have inspired the death of Pharaohs firstborn son in the ten wounds of Egypt). That happened on the first day. However, if one can assume that the book of Genesis is inspired by God, then the idea of the Genesis flood account being borrowed from Gilgamesh does not work. (Kramer, History Begins at Sumer 1981: pp. 'Noah': Flood Myths Are Far Older Than Bible | Time There are two possibilities to explain this. If Jesus fulfilled OT prophecies, doesn't this support Judaism, not Christianity? This idea based on the Sumerian myth known as Enki and Ninhursag (see ANET, pp. In the Hebrew of the original text it was El, the main god of the Canaanite pantheon, god of the atmosphere, the creator god of heaven and earth, father of the gods, the one who reigns over the other gods. queen of the abyss and Enki's mother, bids Enki to "Kneed the Thus if somebody said to be nine hundred years old was actually nine hundred moons old he would be near-as-damn-it seventy-five. The Anunnaki Bible: The Sumerian Text's Origin of the Judeo Christian The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh dates back nearly 5,000 years and is thought to be perhaps the oldest written tale on the planet. The Sumerian writers, by playing on words, came to identify The Lady of the Coast with The Lady who gives life. 7 Bible Stories and Texts With Roots in Ancient Literature - TheCollector Why is it that people say the ancient Sumerian tablets are similar to the book of Genesis? Why is a Love Poem Full of Sex in the Bible? Elohim is on the contrary one of the most common divine names, appearing more than two thousand times. [17]:75 His primary consort was Ninhursag, the Sumerian goddess of the earth. Then: unable to hide him any longer, she found him a papyrus basket, coated him with bitumen and pitch, put the child in it and placed him in the rushes on the banks of the River. Sumerian myths were passed down through the oral tradition until the invention of writing (the earliest myth discovered so far, the Epic of Gilgamesh, is Sumerian[dubious discuss] and is written on a series of fractured clay tablets). I found your post very interesting. He impregnates to the quarrels of Cain and Abel. Nowhere in Genesis is it said that Abraham or the patriarchs denied the existence of other gods. [17]:151,157158 Accounts of her parentage vary;[17]:108 in most myths, she is usually presented as the daughter of Nanna and Ningal,[30]:ixxi,xvi but, in other stories, she is the daughter of Enki or An along with an unknown mother. Another possible Sumerian carry-over related to the Fall of man Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This story was written in the 2ndMillenium BCE by the Sumerians. Origin not from second century but from the second millenium. The true secret of Tutankhamun finally revealed. [16][15] The celestial bodies were equated with specific deities as well. Enki and While the origin of the Sumerians is unknown, (it is said that they may have come from the east), there have been many hypotheses that seek to answer this mystery. Early Sumerian cuneiform was used primarily as a record-keeping tool; it was not until the late Early Dynastic period that religious writings first became prevalent as temple praise hymns[5] and as a form of "incantation" called the nam-ub (prefix + "to cast"). Sumerian myths were passed down through the oral tradition until the invention of writing (the earliest myth discovered so far, the Epic of Gilgamesh, is Sumerian [dubious - discuss] and is written on a series of fractured clay tablets). [14]:184 She was Inanna's older sister. [citation needed], Some stories recorded in the older parts of the Hebrew Bible bear strong similarities to the stories in Sumerian mythology. And this literary pun passed into the Bible where it naturally lost its value since in Hebrew the words meaning coast and life have nothing in common. Dennis MacDonald, professor of New Testament and Christian Origins, has conducted extensive research into both the New Testament and ancient mythology and has also found remarkable similarities between stories in the Bible and the myths and legends of ancient civilizations. He also convinced Shotelel, also a Canaanite, to accept in exchange the designation of Tausret as the great regent of the whole country. Along the side of Yanmen Shan mountain, located twenty kilometers to the east of Nanjing, China, the legendary Yangshan quarry can be found. from the dead. Father Vincent Scheil, who would therefore be the first to make the link between the Sumerian text and the Bible, is not just anyone, he is the discoverer in December 1901 of the stele of the Hammurabi code and he was a member of the institute and director of studies at the cole des hautes tudes. Ziusudra - Wikipedia Come and discover the incredible similarities between these sacred texts! [14]:180 Each dome was made of a different kind of precious stone. (Video), When Faith and Power Clash: How Christianity Divided the Roman Empire (Video), Medieval Maverick: Roger Bacon's Quest for Knowledge and Truth, The Life and Times of Mansa Musa: The Richest Man in History, Fathoming the Ruins of Yanmen Shan Mountain and the Biggest Cut Rocks in the World, Sacred Treasure Hunt: In Pursuit of the Elusive Ark of the Covenant (Video), UFO Author Will Lead Exploration of Rendlesham Forest Encounters Site, Debunking the Aryan Race Myth and Separating Fact from Fiction, Mysterious Lake Monster Causes Underwater Eruption (Video), The Kings Champion: Medieval Coronation Roles, With a Twist, Digging the Deep Blue: Challenges and Triumphs in Underwater Archaeology, The Roman Empire: A Story of Power, Glory, and Tragedy, The Mongol Onslaught: When Ukraine Fell to the Horde (Video), From Horror to Hope: Surviving the Black Plague (Video), Gold, Salt, and Islam: The Story of Koumbi Saleh. over to Eve. the legendary first wife of Adam. Roger Sabbah, Egyptologist, archaeologist and researcher made incredible discoveries with his brother: In Tutankhamuns tomb, opened in 1923, there were inscriptions written in unusual hieroglyphics, some letters resembling the Hebrew alphabet in form, pronunciation and symbolic value. It can be noted that the Bible also follows the Sumerian texts with regard to the life time of men but without giving any explanation: The Biblical Noah would have lived 950 years, his grandfather Methuselah, 969 years old and his father Lamech died young at 777 years old, then after Noah the life time actually decreases, his son Sem lives 600 years, the son of Sem, Arpakshad lives 438 years and this decreases until now. Dennis MacDonald, professor of New Testament and Christian Origins, has conducted extensive research into both the New Testament and ancient mythology and has also found remarkable similarities between stories in the Bible and the myths and legends of ancient civilizations. Achilles and Patroclus: Close Confidants or Passionate Paramours? The deity of the dome-shaped firmament was named An; that of the earth was named Ki. The Sumerian belief system offers a fascinating insight into the lives of these ancient people as they struggled to establish the first empires of man. Enlil and a fox act on Enki's behalf to call The parallels are not just a figment of the imaginations of scholars. Sumerian Mythology - Apps on Google Play I think it is fascinating to look at various creation stories. The gods Ninurta and Enlil kept their original Sumerian names. (Author provided) The Forbidden Fruit For millennia people have assumed the forbidden fruit of Eden to be an apple. Genesis states: from the University of Copenhagen, and his Ph.D. from the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago. sweet water. Later, Atrahasis settled at the mouth of the Great Rivers, in the Garden of Dilmun where Ea lived. deities get into an argument. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Thank you for reading! Sumerian religion was the religion practiced and adhered to by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization of ancient Mesopotamia.The Sumerians regarded their divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders. Par exemple, Hypselis en Moyenne Egypte, cest le dieu potier et modeleur des tres vivants, Khnoum, qui donne vie aux animaux par un souffle de sa bouche (Vernus et Yoyotte, 2005). Dilmun is a pure, bright, and holy land - now often identified with Enlil was the god of air and wind among the Sumerians. LEnuma Elish nest pas le rcit de la cration du monde pour les Sumriens, mais pour les Babyloniens. . Priests were responsible for continuing the cultural and religious traditions of their city-state, and were viewed as mediators between humans and the cosmic and terrestrial forces. Moise (Beya) meets all the conditions to precipitate the fall of the dynasty. [18] Instead, after a person died, his or her soul went to Kur (later known as Irkalla), a dark shadowy underworld, located deep below the surface of the earth. Required fields are marked *. It should be noted that the word El in Hebrew has come to designate the one God, especially in the compound names IsraEL, GabriEL, EmmanuEL, etc. Some remained virtually the same until later Babylonian and Assyrian rule. Homo Naledi: A Mysterious Extinct Human Species (Video), The Incredible Odyssey of Mankind: Ape to Human in a Million Years (Video), Evidence that Noahs Ark Landed on a Mountain 17 Miles South of Ararat, The Truth Behind the Christ Myth: Ancient Origins of the Often Used Legend Part I, Library in Stone: The Ica Stones of Professor Cabrera Part I, Two Sides to Every Story: The North American Martyrs Shrines and Indigenous/ Roman Catholic Relations, The Origins of the Faeries: Encoded in our Cultures Part I, Curse of the Buried Pearl: The Hunt for Ancient Treasures Part I, The Enigma of the Shugborough Inscription, Great Discoveries in Biblical Archaeology: The Sumerian King List, Biblical Stories Mirror Those Found in Ancient Mythology. Chronicles series suggests that the Bible ought to be read literally as a historic/scientic document, and that ancient civilizations-- Their worship is expressed in the temple of Astarte and in that of Sutekh, assimilated to an Egyptian Baal. The origins of human beings according to ancient Sumerian texts Aqqi the water pumper taught me his job as a gardener. This account is very similar to that of the birth of Moses, written by Jewish priests who were in exile in Babylon in the 7th century BC when this surprising story was told from the banks of the Tigris in Iraq to those of the Tiber in Italy. Perhaps, when we compare it to the other creation stories weve discussed, we can come up with commonplaces between all of them, and thus, a commonplace between all cultures in regards to the creation of the Universe. Belief in one God in ancient Egypt, the teaching of Hermes, Pierre Jovanovics universal lie: see on Amazon Eric de Broquevilles secret of Paul: see on Amazon The story begins in Sumer: Samuel Noah Kramer: see on Amazon, The genesis revisited by the Sumerian texts: documentary, Anunnaki, the Sumerian version of the creation of humanity, Our ancestors of aliens ? Ningal was the wife of Nanna,[35] as well as the mother of Utu, Inanna, and Ereshkigal. Dog and chest were covered with a sacred cloth reminiscent of the Hebrew prayer shawl. There is a great wealth of evidence supporting the belief that the books of the Bible, and specifically the book of Genesis is indeed the inspired creation of God. Arguing these similarities there are many others the Sabbah brothers reread the texts from top to bottom. Of course, much of that evidence is found at my web site, to include prophecies in Genesis which are fulfilled in Jesus (see my book From Shadow to Reality. He ordered him to build an ark sealed with bitumen and to take with him specimens of all living beings. Eridu: The Earliest City in Mesopotamia and the World - ThoughtCo Donc pas de souci. [30]:xiii,xv[13]:101 Many of the myths involving her revolve around her attempts to usurp control of the other deities' domains.[32]. It is quite possible that both the Bible and ancient mythology are referring to real events that have taken place, expressed in a way that was relevant to the people of the time. Is Genesis 1-11 a Derivation from Ancient Myths? All these rites can structure the life of faith in any part of the world, and allow Israel to avoid assimilation and to constitute itself as a particular people. [14]:184 The gatekeeper of the underworld was the god Neti. According to Wikipedia : Eloha appears about sixty times in the Hebrew Bible, usually in its poetic texts, most of the occurrences being found in Jobs book. The Sumerians envisioned the universe as a closed dome surrounded by a primordial saltwater sea. Une fois leurs missions de rintroduction accomplies, ces missionnaires sont repartis do ils venaient. about Why is a Love Poem Full of Sex in the Bible? the story of the Flood. There were civilizations present in three main regions that contributed to these accomplishments, the Sumerians being one of them. It is blessed by Enki to have overflowing, Sumer - History Dans ce contexte, il ny aurait donc pas de diffrence fondamentale de nature entre les tres vivants, et lanimal naurait gure moins dimportance que lHomme, qui est voqu entre lhippopotame et le crocodile dans un passage des Textes des sarcophages (Germond et Livet, 2001) : Les faucons vivent des oiseaux plus petits, [] les hippopotames, des marais ; les hommes, des grains ; les crocodiles, de poissons . It is only natural that anthropologists, historians and those who study religion to look for parallels between the earliest docoments of the Old Testament and the Sumerian/Babylonian/Akkadian religions in Mesopotamia. 3- The story insists on the description of the Paradise created by Enki in Dilmun. breath of life, and so man became a living being." Great Discoveries in Biblical Archaeology: The Sumerian King List - by Bryant G. Wood, Biblical Stories Mirror Those Found in Ancient Mythology - by Ed Neumann, It's not as if the religions around Christianity and Judaism weren't doing the same thing . Enlil saw after the disaster that his plans had once again been thwarted, yet he remained calm because he understood that the disappearance of men would bring them back to the situation that had led to their creation. He was a Field Assyriologist for the Iraq Expedition of the The Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago in the years 1929 to 1937, according to his biography, as well. The authors of the Bible were inspired not only by the Sumerians but also by the Egyptian culture that gave them the writing! I know the Middle East is an area we are both interested in digging and studying in. According to the Bible, the universe was created by God. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Abraham was a native of the great Sumerian city Ur. The primordial saltwater sea was named Nammu, who became known as Tiamat during and after the Ur III period. It is interesting that these topics arise in this first creation story, perhaps shining light on events that everyone can relate to (government and sacrifice). Isn't NT evidence for this circular reasoning? Where do we go when we die? The Yahwist source (J), details (Wolkstein It was therefore under the name of El that God addressed this call to Abraham. Neolithic Stone Balls: The Northern Rosetta Stone? Periodic death and rebirth He was worshipped as the god of war, agriculture, and one of the Sumerian wind gods. may contain the predecessor to the tree of knowledge of good and Is it true that Genesis was written by four different competing groups and that it is very contradictory? is a common theme in agricultural myths where the return of the 2- The text is a perfect parallel between Enki eating forbidden plants and Adam eating the forbidden fruit. He himself will be called the great chancellor of the whole country and will govern the country with her. [22], During the middle of the third millennium BC, Sumerian society became more urbanized. Though scholars know the Anunnaki as the gods of ancient Mesopotamia, fringe theorists believe they are ancient alien invaders from the planet Nibiru. For many scholars of ancient civilizations, there is no doubt that the Bible was written from Sumerian and Egyptian texts. Contemporary biblical scholars such as John Rogerson and Philip R. Davies, both professors of biblical studies at the British University of Scheffield and authors of the prestigious The Old Testament World, note: In chapter 3 of the book of Genesis, there are three points in common with the story of Enki and Ninhursag in Dilmun: First, the existence of a place where death does not exist and animals are harmless (see also Isaiah 11:6-9); Then the arrival of disease and death which are the result of having taken and eaten a plant; And finally, the birth of a progeny that is the result of bodily pain, although more masculine than feminine. Notons que dautres divinits peuvent jouer un rle plus direct dans la cration de la faune, de ses modes de vie, et de ce qui lui permet de subsister, mme si le dmiurge reste linstance suprieure lorigine de toute vie. is Lilith has come into quiestion of late. It is difficult to judge the motives of people I have never met. This theory differs considerably from the history of creation as accepted by theistic religions. The explanation is actually given below in the story of Atrahasis (Ziusudra), the Sumerian Noah, where we learn that the gods Annunaki created man in their images. Who were the Sumerians? | GotQuestions.org Were Adam and Eve the first "homo sapiens"? Sumerian creation myth - Wikipedia [17]:58, The entrance to Kur was believed to be located in the Zagros mountains in the far east. Eloha and Elhoim are an elongated form of EL, Eloha is the singular: God, Elohim is the plural: the Gods. The epic was almost certainly composed before 2000 BC. According to Mesopotamian legend, he still lives there. Thoths Storm: New Evidence for Ancient Egyptians in Ireland? 9 Things You May Not Know About the Ancient Sumerians - History Do you have any insight about this? Pierre voici un petit texte que javais crit un soir de solitude, vous me direz ce que vous en pensez, merci. I later realized that the hypothesis I had arrived at on my side had already been suggested thirty years earlier by a great French assyriologist, Father Vincent Scheil, as the American orientalist William Albright, who published my work, taught me.. Sumerian Myth Of The Bible: A Historical Analysis He too weathers the deluge aboard a huge boat. [43]:133135. Why is it that people try to relate those gods to the God in the Old Testament? The bulk of Sumerian parallels can, however be found much earlier, And, from then on, everything became clear: the enigmas of the Bible, the names with strange consonances because they were foreign, the characters, the History.