electrical conductivity of propylene glycol water mixture electrical conductivity of propylene glycol water mixture

The present work focused on the preparation of different weight ratio of PG/W (20:80%, 40:60% and 60:40%) mixture based ND nanofluids and the estimation of thermal conductivity and viscosity experimentally at different particle concentrations and temperatures. 0000033853 00000 n I always eqip the system with a 2" hose connection with check valve so the contractor can use a pump to fill the system those glycol feeders Thermal conductivity of nanoparticle-fluid mixture. Among all the carbon materials ND particles creates great interest because of their superior hardness, thermal conductivity, i.e. The exergy efficiency of the SCHE can be increased by 21% using 1.0vol% of nanofluid, but the improvement becomes modest as the volume concentration is increased further. k5fX.TX#HksQ} >6!"vg8{!SP/(b8#_"hr 1q"I}\gxu'Gxq`j^vGF`i R7`md\qM._8>)pbE.x%6s&Eg)c^mDO1 }rZ~&\!=[aHM3]qIvT=nD{vf!oSAc0T]z4J0({(YxkyCWboRycfP'{ug04tTS[eun-8'$Q)^U/+jkaIB@^%BX# 34590-94-8 isomeric mixture and 20324-32-7 major isomer) PM and PMA were reviewed at SIAM 11 and DPM was reviewed at SIAM 12. 0000002234 00000 n It was observed that the position of the thermocouples can result in an under-estimation of the Nusselt number. This study recommends that the volume concentration of Fe3O4/60:40%W+EG nanofluid should not exceed volume concentration of 1.0% because the added benefit of working with concentrations higher than 1.0vol% may not outweigh the added cost and complexities of the nanofluid. Here, we perform electrical characterizations of propylene glycol-based ZnO nanofluids with volume fractions as high as 7%, measuring up to a 100-fold increase in electrical conductivity over the base fluid. WebElectrical Conductivity ( S/cm) 55% Propylene Glycol + 45% DI Water + 0.1% Benzotriazole + 0.05% Nanoparticles (Mix# 2) 55% Propylene Glycol + 45% DI Water + 0.1% Benzotriazole + 0.025% Nanoparticles (Mix# 2) Electrical Conductivity vs. Time for the Coolant Formulations in a 1 L Dynamic Test Loop at 70oC 11 The findings suggest that BNNBs have great potential for use as thermally conductive nanoparticles in nanofluids for various heat transfer applications. Fig. Similarly, at 1.0vol% and Reynolds number of 2702, the thermal entropy generation is dropped by 38.12%, frictional entropy generation is raised by 12.86%, exergy efficiency is enhanced by 36.48% and thermal performance factor is augmented by 1.2094 times over the base fluid. 0000047379 00000 n The ultra-sonication technique was employed for preparing the mixture and results showed that the stability and thermal conductivity enhancements of Al2O3H2O nanofluids are highly dependent on sonication time and the energy supplied to the fluid for its preparation. Increasing the concentration of the nanofluid beyond 1.0vol% shows a little improvement in the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. From the Prasher et al. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of ND nanofluids were estimated experimentally at different particle concentrations and temperatures. Nanofluids offer many opportunities to enhance the efficiency of thermal systems by improving the thermal properties of the host fluids. The thermal conductivity results here reported can be compared with those previously published by Sundar et al. Appl. 0000002868 00000 n %PDF-1.6 % If you want to reproduce the whole article The stability, thermophysical properties and rheological characteristics of N-CQDs nanofluids were investigated. Prasher et al. 5. Energy . The frictional exergy destruction is found to contribute together with heat transfer exergy destruction to the total entropy of the SCHE system. Due to the different particle sizes and shapes of nanoparticles, the proposed model can better predict the thermal conductivity and viscosity of N-CQDs nanofluids compared with other empirical models. [17] prepared mineral oil based ND nanofluids and obtained thermal conductivity enhancement of 70% at 0.1wt.%. The UDD powders contains large quantity of carbon impurities, which can be removed using strong acid treatment, dry salt and dry sucrose to make UDD powders into single ND particles. When compared to Propylene glycolwater (50:50) along with Propylene glycolwater (50:50) dispersed with 0.25% Graphene, it is clear from Fig. We are continuing our optimization to bring this level down by an order of magnitude (which is accepted by almost all the fuel cell manufacturers). Vajjha and Das [24] also prepared 60:40% (weight ratio) of EG/W based Al2O3, CuO and ZnO nanofluids and measured thermal conductivity up to 10.0vol.%. The present work shows an innovative frame saw machine to cut granite, the eccentric hinge guide mechanism is introduced into the machine. Conductivity is also affected by temperature: the warmer the water, the higher the conductivity. Nanodiamond (ND) nanoparticles of primary particle size of 510nm can be produced in large quantity by using commercially available ultra-dispersed diamond (UDD) powders. However, those results have not been collectively compared or discussed. The carbon impurities present in the UDD powders is removed with strong acid treatment, dry salt and dry sucrose to make them into single ND crystals. The eccentric hinge guide mechanism facilitates the formation of both matrix tails on the segments and a group of more new micro cutting edges, which improve diamond stability as well as self-sharpening. The different weight ratios of propylene glycol/water mixtures are used as base. [14] also used strong acids of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the molar ratio of 3:1 for the purification of UDD powders and prepared 20:80%, 40:60% and 60:40% ethylene glycol/water mixture based ND nanofluids and estimated both thermal conductivity and viscosity experimentally. The functional groups on the treated UDD powders were analyzed by FTIR. Further to cme's statement, the injection pump for the feed can be alarmed to allow the user know that there may be a system leak. See the follo [19] obtained viscosity enhancement of 80% for midel oil based ND nanofluids at 3.0wt.%. Corresponding authors, a In the heat exchanger, the hot fluid passes through the shell side and the cold fluid (nanofluid) passes through the helical coil side. WebMaintains low electrical conductivity Uses proprietary non-ionic corrosion inhibitor formulation with years of research Can be used with Formulation: Propylene Glycol, It is hygroscopic, meaning that it readily absorbs water from the surrounding environment. 1123-1135, Experimental thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanodiamond-based propylene glycol and water mixtures, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2016.07.007, nm can be produced in large quantity by using commercially available ultra-dispersed diamond (UDD) powders. The study also investigated the dispersion stability of BNNBs in different solvents using Hansen Solubility Parameters, revealing that propylene glycol mixtures demonstrated better long-term stability compared to ethylene glycol mixtures. Hybrid nanofluids aim to further improve the characteristics of mono nanofluids. These plates are to be used in a proposed compact (thin and light-weight) solar thermal flat plate collector (FPC). 0000113197 00000 n They also observed the formation of carboxyl groups on the surface of ND particles based on the FTIR analysis. 0000000016 00000 n Our results indicate that the surfactant-free, ZnOPG nanofluids behave like liquid coolants but with improved thermal conductivity and specific heat and hence suitable for energy management. The earlier works reveals the preparation, estimation of thermal conductivity and viscosity of EG/W mixture based Al2O3, CuO, ZnO and Fe3O4 nanofluids. WebIn this work, mono B 4 C and TiB 2 and hybrid TiB 2:B 4 C nanoadditives are used for the first time to design nanofluids based on propylene glycol:water 20:80 wt%. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of ND nanofluids were investigated experimentally, whereas the density and specific heat were estimated theoretically. Results show, at 1.0vol% and the Reynolds number of 2702, the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number is increased by 36.05%, and 27.47%, respectively, over the base fluid. [23] first time prepared 60:40% (weight ratio) of EG/W based CuO nanofluids and observed viscosity enhancement of 4.5-times and 3.1-times at 6.12vol.% at temperatures of 35C to 50C. Based on the results, the thermal conductivity enhancements are 18.8%, 16.8% and 14.1% at 1.0vol.% of 20:80%, 40:60% and 60:40% PG/W based nanofluids. The carbon impurities present in the UDD powders have been removed using mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. The PG/W nanofluids are prepared with acid treated ND particles. In this study, the thermal conductivity of graphene/propylene glycol nanofluids is tested using the Hot Disk TPS-500S thermal constants analyzer (Hot Disk AB, Gteborg, Sweden). 0000133274 00000 n Xu X, Choi SUS. During the preparation of UDD powders, igniter is used in the detonation process which causes metal and carbon impurities and those are aggregates or attached to the outer surface of the ND particles. Islam, R.; Shabani, B. The synthesized environmentally friendly N-doped carbon quantum dots nanoparticles (N-CQDs) had a uniform particle size distribution, with particle sizes concentrated between 2 and 2.5nm. Jee and Lee [11] used strong acids of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the molar ratio of 3:1 for the purification of UDD powders and observed the removal of carbon impurities. An enhancement of 4.24% in heat transfer rate was observed with 2vol.% ZnOPG nanofluid. [12] also used acid mixtures of perchloric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid (based on the procedure of Jang and Xu [13]) for the removal of carbon impurities from the UDD powders and prepared stable ND nanofluids in the base fluid of 55:45% ethylene glycol/water mixture and observed thermal conductivity enhancement of 18% at 2.0vol.%. 0000115846 00000 n Chemical co-precipitation was used for the synthesis of large quantity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 11.42nm. [20] obtained thermal conductivity enhancement of 17.23% for ND/EG nanofluid at 1.0vol.% at a temperature of 30C. The stable PG/W mixture based ND nanofluids were prepared by dispersing ND acid treated, The nanodiamond (ND) particles were produced using commercially available ultra-dispersed diamond (UDD) powders. Measuring glycol concentrations by electrical conductivity is not recommended, especially in process systems, heat exchangers, etc. The quality of Conjugate heat transfer was found to reduce the Nusselt number which agrees with the literature, this also resulted in a Peclet number dependent Nusselt number. The electrical conductivity of glycol mixtures within the range of The theoretical models of Maxwell and Einstein have failed to estimate the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids as a function of temperature. <]>> The strong acid treatment on UDD powders, the carboxyl groups are formed on the surface of ND particles, which can be clearly observed in the IR spectra (red line). This paper reviews and summarizes the experimental values of the physical and thermal properties, including an appropriate focus on the thermal conductivity enhancement, of nanodiamond-nanofluid systems found in the literature as well as different techniques for thermal conductivity measurement. Glycol soutions are fed (topped-off) buy a pumped glycol feeder available by JL wingert, armstrong, etc Heat exchanger tubes are .035" wall I've ne However, conjugate heat transfer and measurement uncertainties were significant. 0000086285 00000 n There have been numerous investigations of nanodiamond-nanofluid systems with many suggesting that considerable property enhancements, e.g., increased thermal conductivity, might be possible. and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. FPx[[cu/Ajl22jw+x{5DD93o9$C y6q`xTu/~:'KY'Nf700zGRb9 cyI/ dk'Cw JO|i%H_o]*2?h1tz{]uhD5:h;)[.2sQvW |ZHcv7Qcr9]Ee5c w?a%2b5XATC3{d^Tzt h-!T`EH|}'EPj:]vRFl_/ uoDG0x5zUK;EI[".WzVkE=*j\2U]O sh`5 However, experimental studies that jointly explore the physical properties of hybrids and the corresponding mono nanofluids are missing. The authors would like to acknowledge the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) for the funding of the present research work through the grant no: PTDC/EME-MFE/105031/2008 (ACMS) and UID/EMS/00481/2013 (TEMA/DEM). The other chemicals such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), sodium chloride (NaCl), sucrose (C12H22O11) and propylene glycol (C3H8O2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, USA. The preparation of ND based nanofluids and their thermal properties are given below. 0000003207 00000 n The thermal entropy generation is decreased by 31.78% and the frictional entropy generation is raised by 22.50% over the basic fluid data at 1.0% and Reynolds number of 1454.4. The exergy analysis and heat transfer characteristics pertaining to the heat exchanger were also investigated. This study investigates theoretically and experimentally the electrical and thermal conductivities of 50/50 water-ethylene glycol based TiO 2 nanofluids with nanoparticle concentrations in the range of 0.05-0.5 vol%. 180 0 obj <> endobj The results show that the contact area between the blade and granite is not following a straight line, and the time required for stone sawing is only one half of the full sawing cycle. 0000017674 00000 n The UDD powders can be treated with strong acids such as HNO3, mixture of H2SO4/HNO3, K2Cr2O7 in H2SO4, KOH/KNO3 to remove the carbon impurities [3], [4]. About 26% increase in coolant side heat transfer coefficient was obtained with 2vol.% ZnOPG nanofluid under constant bath temperature condition which could be attributed to thermal conductivity enhancement as well as improved natural convection due to viscosity reduction. You do not have JavaScript enabled. The statistical and graphical results showed that the proposed models are more precise and reliable than the existing ones in literature. The thermal performance of the internal heat transfer fluid was an important factor affecting the heat transfer efficiency of the exchanger system. The formation of carboxyl (COOH) groups on the surface of nanodiamond was analyzed by FTIR. Experiments were performed to study the transient heat transfer characteristics of probe-ultrasonicated, surfactant-free, ZnOpropylene glycol (ZnOPG) nanofluids under constant heat flux and constant bath temperature conditions. 8 . The hybrid nanofluid presents intermediate values between those of the mono nanofluids for all the properties except dynamic viscosity. The stable ND nanofluids were prepared by considering 60:40% water+ethylene glycol (weight percentage) mixture as base fluid and the experiments were performed at particle loadings ranging from 0.2% to 1.0% and the Reynolds number ranging from 900 to 4800, respectively. [18] observed thermal conductivity enhancements of 7.2% and 9.8% for water based ND nanofluids at 3.0vol.% at temperatures of 30C and 50C, respectively. The ultra-dispersed diamond (UDD) powders were purchased from International Technology Centre, USA (http://www.itc-inc.org) with the following specifications: 98% purity, 510nm particle core size, cubic shape, grey color, 300400m2/g specific surface area. WebThermal conductivities for some common liquids at temperature 300 K (26.8 oC, 80.3 oF): 1 W/(m K) = 1 W/(m oC) = 0.85984 kcal/(h m oC) = 0.5779 Btu/(ft h oF) = 0.048 Btu/(in h On the other hand preparation of propylene glycol/water (PG/W) based nanofluids and estimation of thermal properties is also important before use in heat transfer equipments, because these PG/W fluids are also used as engine coolants for automobile radiators. The results showed that BNNBs enhanced thermal conductivity of carrier fluids up to 45%, and the enhancement was proportional to the concentration of BNNBs in the carrier fluid. It has been shown that water is the best solar energy absorbance among four fluids including water, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, Zeta potential is a measure of the electric potential difference between the surface of a particle and the surrounding fluid. The optimized method for purifying the UDD powders is established. The effect of BNNB concentration in carrier fluids on nanofluid thermal conductivity was investigated by introducing BNNBs into ethylene glycol-water and propylene glycol-water mixtures at 010 wt%. to access the full features of the site or access our, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA. The purification of UDD powders is important for achieving good stable nanofluids. [27] analysis.knfkbf=1+Cknfbf=1+Cwhere, is the volume concentration, Ck and C are the thermal conductivity and viscosity enhancement coefficients. Xie et al. After cycling at 25 and 80 C, LiGe alloy was formed at the Li/LAGP interface as investigated by synchrotron high energy X-ray Diffraction (HEXRD) spectra (Figure 3b ). Correlations for the thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid were developed. 0000060250 00000 n 0000087804 00000 n Namburu et al. [15] observed thermal conductivity enhancement of 12% at 0.9vol.% of nanodiamond (ND)-poly (glycidol) polymer brush/EG nanofluids, similarly observed thermal conductivity enhancement of 11% at 1.0vol.% of ND.oleic acid/mineral oil nanofluids. trailer [25], [26] also prepared 20:80%, 40:60% and 60:40% EG/W based Fe3O4 nanofluids and measured both thermal conductivity and viscosity experimentally. The as-obtained LAGP thin film also possessed a high ionic conductivity of 2 10 5 S cm 1 at 25 C and a low electronic conductivity value of 1.1 10 9 S cm 1. xref To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the 0000086902 00000 n If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission [34] for Al2O3/PG and TiO2/PG nanofluids. E-mail: An enhancement of thermal conductivity with respect to temperature and volumetric concentration is found, as expected. BNNBs are allotrope composites composed of boron nitride nanotube cores with walls decorated with attached hexagonal boron nitride crystals, creating a jagged morphology that facilitates the formation of a connected network and contributes to the enhancement of thermal conductivity in nanofluids. , DOI: 10.1039/D2NR06332H. [27] model and Mouromtseff number [31] is used to study the heat transfer benefits of PG/W based ND nanofluids in laminar and turbulent flow conditions. p^h72n* 8pW&.=rfeK&=d_">!f4-6%)|Z>,^R :qz*jn88H1 Z'2P?[-ik,2T0!L The purchased UDD powders treated with strong acid treatment, dry salt and dry sucrose to make them into single ND-crystals. If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures Forced convection experiments were performed on an instrumented metal plate with micro-channels. Prasher et al. For 1.0% and a Reynolds number of 1454.4, the thermal performance factor is increased by 1.194-times above the basic fluid. The GMDH model showed a better performance compared to GEP, and could predict all data with an average absolute relative error of 2.27% in training and 2.44% in testing data set. 0000000918 00000 n Thereby, nanofluids have proven to be useful in applications, especially electronic cooling, where increasing thermal properties and avoiding electrical conductivity are vital. The local Nusselt number was observed to vary axially despite satisfying the criteria for neglecting entrance effects; this variation increased with the Graetz number. They obtained increases of 10.4% and 9.9% for 0.5 vol% concentration of Fe3O4 [14] and 1 vol% concentration of nanodiamonds [15] at 293.15 K, respectively. This study investigates the potential of composite allotrope boron nitride nanobarbs (BNNBs) as nanoparticles for enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids based on mixtures of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol with water. There are different methods to purify the UDD powders. In this work, mono B4C and TiB2 and hybrid TiB2:B4C nanoadditives are used for the first time to design nanofluids based on propylene glycol:water 20:80wt%. An investigation has been undertaken into the stone processing machines. 0 209 0 obj<>stream PGI is a colorless, water soluble, hygroscopic liquid with a characteristic glycol odor, medium viscosity, low vapor Kole and Dey [29] prepared 50:50% PG/W based Al2O3 nanofluids and observed nanofluids obey Newtonian behaviour in the measured temperature range from 10C to 50C. [16] prepared 20% of water and 50% of engine oil based ND nanofluids and obtained thermal conductivity enhancement of 25% at 1.0wt.% Taha-Tijerina et al. The earlier works reveals the preparation, estimation of thermal conductivity and viscosity of PG/W mixture based Al2O3, CuO, and Fe3O4 nanofluids. Results showed that ND nanofluids achieved higher heat transfer coefficients than the base fluid. The overall heat transfer coefficient and nanofluid-side heat transfer coefficient under constant bath temperature condition were found to increase with increasing nanoparticle volume concentration. BNNBs exhibit high thermal conductivity due to efficient phonon transfer and they are electrical insulators owing to their wide bandgap. 0000002832 00000 n Drazen, you seem to have drifted from the original question. The problem is glycol in the condensate which could be fatal to the boiler. We need 11 is presented the percentage thermal conductivity enhancement [(knfkbf)/kbf100] for these ratios along with the data with the data of Palabiyik et al. The starting product, MICRONAL 5428 X, which contains about 43% microencapsulated paraffin with a transformation temperature of 28 model and the Mouromtseff number were used to study the heat transfer capability of ND nanofluid under laminar and turbulent flow conditions. Diamond circular saws and diamond wire saws present some technological limits, and the marble frame saw cannot process granite by now. The propylene glycol/water mixtures at different weight ratios were used as base fluids for the preparation of stable ND nanofluids. This paper investigates the significance of some micro scaling effects in micro-channel absorber plates. 108-65-6) Dipropylene Glycol Methyl Ether (DPM; CAS No. 0000002335 00000 n The heat transfer applications of prepared ND nanofluids in a fully developed laminar flow (Reynolds number, Re<2300) can be evaluated based on the Prasher et al. The peak near 1630cm1 represents the OH bending of physically adsorbed water and the hydrogen, Since the literature does not report for the thermal conductivity ratios of 20:80%, 40:60% and 60:40% PG/W nanofluids, in Fig. Because of the poor electrical conductivity of the -SiC particles compared to the base ethylene glycol and propylene glycols ( p < < bf), case (1) therefore holds accordingly. 0000125049 00000 n 0000003035 00000 n Yeganeh et al. A binary mixture of propylene glycol and water at 20:80 mass ratio offers protection against freezing up to 265.98 K [13], making it suitable as a heat transfer fluid [27] analysis if the value of C/Ck<4 then the nanofluid is heat transfer beneficial fluid. 107-98-2) Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Acetate (PMA; CAS No. Web9.9 Liquid Water Interfacial Tension: Not pertinent 9.10 Vapor (Gas) Specific Gravity: Not pertinent 9.11 Ratio of Specific Heats of Vapor (Gas): 1.073 9.12 Latent Heat of Vaporization: 306 Btu/lb = 170 cal/g = 7.12 X 105J/kg 9.13 Heat of Combustion: 10,310 Btu/lb = 5,728 cal/g = 239.8 X 105J/kg 9.14 Heat of Decomposition: Not pertinent The proportion of micro-fractured and good diamonds in the new frame saw machine are 45% and 25%, respectively, and the productivity of the new machine is between 6 and 15m2/h. The acid treated ND particles were characterized by XRD, TEM, FTIR and XPS. jralston1@ncat.edu, b Common uses: antifreeze/heat transfer fluid. 2 shows the IR spectra of UDD powders, acid treated, salt and sucrose milled samples. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Group method of data handling (GMDH) and gene expression programming (GEP) as two white-box powerful models were used for modeling. Yu et al. 0000089466 00000 n Forget about conductivity, it is directly related to temperature and is used in domestic/process water systems (water treatment) where you don't ha The formation of carboxyl (COOH) groups on the surface of ND particles was analyzed by FTIR spectrum. Copyright 2023 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Based on the results, the thermal conductivity enhancements are 18.8%, 16.8% and 14.1% at 1.0 vol.% of 20:80%, 40:60% and 60:40% PG/W based nanofluids. The effect of various factors on the thermal-physical properties of diamond nanofluids is also reviewed, and the stability and viscosity of diamond nanofluids are tabulated and compared. Comparisons with data from literature confirmed the validity and the suitability of the nanoflash technique applied to thermal conductivity evaluation. WebPropylene glycol is a colourless liquid that is relatively viscous, has no odour, and tastes slightly sweet. In this study, more than 3200 data of thermal conductivity of nanofluids were collected from literature to develop simple-to-use and accurate correlations for predicting relative thermal conductivity of nanofluids. In addition, both cutting efficiency and slab flatness were recorded. In addition, the models for estimating the viscosity and thermal conductivity of N-CQDs nanofluids are proposed, respectively. The thermodynamic, heat transfer and thermal performance factor were analyzed experimentally at different particle volume loadings of water+ethylene glycol mixture based nanodiamond (ND) nanofluids flow in a shell and helical coiled tube heat exchanger. To create stable nanofluids, the ND nanoparticles are ultrasonically agitated with EG for 4h. At a constant heat flux of q=9099W/m2, experiments were carried out in a laminar flow with Reynolds numbers ranging from 264.4 to 2194.4. Nanoscale, 2023, Advance Article WebPropylene Glycol Methyl Ether (PM; CAS No. A sawing test and a simulation were carried out to analyze the sawing trajectory, the surface topography of the segments and the percentage of worn diamond particles. The instrument is based on transient plane source (TPS) technique and is widely used for thermal conductivity measurement. 499-508, Energy Conversion and Management, Volume 96, 2015, pp. WebBNNBs exhibit high thermal conductivity due to efficient phonon transfer and they are electrical insulators owing to their wide bandgap. 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 245-255, Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 91, 2015, pp. MEG (Mono Ethylene Glycol) or C2H6O2. The earlier works reveal the preparation, estimation of thermal conductivity and viscosity of water, ethylene glycol, mineral oil and midel oil based ND nanofluids. 0000073108 00000 n Future research should focus on enhancing the dispersion stability of BNNB nanofluids and exploring the influence of BNNB morphology on the thermal conductivity and other thermophysical properties of nanofluids. The inadequacy of the widely used VogelTammannFulcher or WilliamsLandelFerry equations to describe the temperature variation of the vacuum 0000088822 00000 n The density, isobaric heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids are determined by the oscillating U-tube, differential scanning calorimetry, and transient hot wire methods, respectively. 0000087536 00000 n At 1.0vol%, the thermal conductivity enhancements of 12.7% and 22.8%, at 1.0vol%, the viscosity enhancements of 1.57-times and 1.8-times were observed at temperatures of 293K and 333K compared to water data. 40-48, Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 90, 2015, pp. Theoretical approach is used to identify the heat transfer benefits of the prepared propylene glycol/water based ND nanofluids in laminar and turbulent flow conditions using the, Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation, Investigations of thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids, Viscosity of alumina nanoparticles dispersed in car engine coolant, Thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol and water mixture based Fe, Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of three nanofluids and development of new correlations, Numerical study of turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids considering variable properties, Experimental investigation on the thermal transport properties of ethylene glycol based nanofluids containing low volume concentration diamond nanoparticles, Thermal transport properties of diamond-based nanofluids and nanocomposites, Volume fraction and temperature variations of the effective thermal conductivity of nanodiamond fluids in deionized water, Enhanced thermal properties of nanodiamond nanofluids, Increase of nanodiamond crystal size by selective oxidation, Experimental investigation of heat transfer and effectiveness of employing water and ethylene glycol mixture based Fe3O4 nanofluid in a shell and helical coil heat exchanger, Heat transfer and exergy efficiency analysis of 60% water and 40% ethylene glycol mixture diamond nanofluids flow through a shell and helical coil heat exchanger, Laminar convective heat transfer, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency studies on ethylene glycol based nanofluid containing nanodiamond nanoparticles, Experimental and modeling studies of N-doped carbon quantum dot nanofluids for heat transfer systems, Modeling thermal conductivity of nanofluids using advanced correlative approaches: Group method of data handling and gene expression programming, Thermophysical, rheological and electrical properties of mono and hybrid TiB2/B4C nanofluids based on a propylene glycol:water mixture, A new frame saw machine by diamond segmented blade for cutting granite, The significance of scaling effects in a solar absorber plate with micro-channels, Improved transient heat transfer performance of ZnOpropylene glycol nanofluids for energy management, Thermal conductivity and viscosity of water based nanodiamond (ND) nanofluids: An experimental study, Effect of temperature and sonication time on nanofluid thermal conductivity measurements by nano-flash method, Thermo-physical properties of diamond nanofluids: A review.