vernon and deb smoker lancaster pa

> 1 t -7 *V )$mwjJ7fvO a) ^ \ V \'rr~i /*' Htf X "*T5^P X (S*"** I V) pi , -n j* 1 % rn ,* ^ \ n X % m s u ! Petersheims parents are Benuel and Betty Ann Petersheim. Another report on the Lancaster County, PA News and Breaking News FB page, though a bit less clear, also offers some insights. Wrightsville, PA. $50 $175. Why do Amish remove girl teeth? Buckwalters parents are Mark Eugene and Frances Darlene Buckwalter. . I am also excited that our church is so involved with these efforts. Goeffrey Lynn Sensenig, of 2237 Creek Hill Road, and Elizabeth Ann Rudy, of 10 Farmland Road, Leola. Spencers parents are Thomas David and Jill Kathleen Spencer. The victim had been positively identified through dental records. @CBSPhilly pic.twitter.com/DqkTw4kLpI, Joe Holden (@JoeHoldenCBS3) July 11, 2020. smoker j vernon & deborah e. Tax Year: 2019. Reiffs parents are Lawrence Martin and Alma Martin Reiff. Her sash and apron were wrapped tightly around her face and her mouth was covered by duct tape.. Vernon now resides at 853 Lahr Rd, Nazareth, PA. Daniel Smoker, Jennifer L Smoker, and four other persons are also associated with this address. Justo Smoker was arrested last year and charged with kidnapping missing Amish girl Linda Stoltzfoos in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Details of the condition of Stoltzfoos remains were also released for the first time Friday. , same address. Smokers parents are Lester D. and Rachel S. Smoker. Enjoy your time! 9, Ephrata, and Michelle Marie Fralich, same address. Smoker told detectives he decided to move Stoltzfoos body from the first site because he realized how close it was to where she lived. Burkharts parents are Micheal John Burkhart and Ramona Morrison. Lancaster County and the surrounding area in eastern Pennsylvania is home to the second largest old-order Amish enclave in the United States. The camera was about 334 yards from the spot where Stoltzfoos was taken, prosecutors said. They also said they will offer him support in prison as well as upon his release. John Forest Rupert, of 956 Smokestown Road, Denver, and Claire Elizabeth Lee, same address. Johnsons parents are John Kevin and Kimberly Ann Johnson. 662 Furnace Hills PikeLititz, PA 17543717-626-3434, 3506 Perkiomen AvenueReading, PA 19606610-779-0811Fax 610-779-8718, 24 S. Main StreetManheim, PA 17545717-665-5979Fax 717-665-1961, 431 W. Main StreetEphrata, PA 17522717-721-3299Fax 717-721-3564, 49 E. Main StreetLeola, PA 17540717-656-7544Fax 717-656-4704, PO Box 218,49 E. Main StreetLeola, PA 17540717-656-7544Fax 717-656-4704. Charles G. Blank, of 3154 Lincoln Highway East, Paradise, and Barbara Lynn Nitsch, same address. Smoker was convicted of a felony as a juvenile and at 21-years-old in February 2007, he pleaded guilty to multiple charges including burglary, robbery and criminal trespass in Lancaster County. Montgomerys parents are Hugh G. and Melissa Montgomery. (Rutgers, 2008), Swat Madness and the Militarization of the American Police: A National Dilemma (Praeger, 2010). Her body was clothed, with her hands and feet tied together with multiple bindings. The details of her bra and socks being found (addressed in the Affidavit of Probable Cause) buried 6-8 inches, makes the heart and mind sick with sorrow, wondering what horror she endured, or perhaps is still enduring. Within days of the murder, police responding to a tip of a suspicious red car found the teens bra and stockings buried there. Crimson Stain: Revised and Expanded Edition (2013) Available Now! On Wednesday, April 21, 2021, officials announced they recovered remains related to the search. Fishers parents are Noah and Ann Fisher. But Im glad theyre here.. Stoltzfoos, 18, of Bird-in-Hand, was less than a half-mile from her familys home June 21, 2020, when Smoker, 35, of nearby Paradise, forced her into his car and drove off. Lapps parents are John and Ida Lapp. Shields parents are John Randal Shields and Kathleen Sue Richardson. Her autopsy indicated she was sexually assaulted, though Smoker has denied that allegation. ubs arena parking problems; hp desktop with windows 7 professional 64 bit; elkhart county delinquent taxes; honey baked ham sweet potato souffle recipe; rick and morty coke spoon; vernon and deb smoker lancaster pa. Still, in the unknowns, I pray that God will bring her back home, safely. I was loved better than this, Smoker said, according to Lancaster Online. Riveras parents are Juan Alexis Rivera and Dagma Hernandez. Wallaces parents are Randall E. and Marge L. Wallace. Hoovers parents are Marlin Nolt and Lucinda Martin Hoover. Blanks parents are David S. and Susie S. Blank. By using this website, you accept the terms of our Visitor Agreement and Privacy Policy, and understand your options regarding Ad Choices. Charles Francis Moore, 220 Foulke Lane, Springfield, and Heather Leigh Kostick, of 195 Mercer Mill Road, Landenberg. My wife, Deb and I have both served on The Factory Ministries Board of Directors and enjoy being a part of the Together Initiative. He then stabbed Linda in the neck one time to ensure that she was dead., >> Related story: Kidnapped Amish teen Linda Stoltzfoos died of strangulation, was stabbed in neck, Amish teen murder: Justo Roberto Smoker, 35, was sentenced Friday, July 23, 2021, to up to 71 years in prison for the abduction and murder of Amish teen Linda Stoltzfoos, who vanished June 21, 2020, while walking home from church. My heart goes out to them all with much love and prayers. , of 5846 Old Philadelphia Pike, Gap. . , of 1655 Rawlinsville Road, Holtwood. James . He was . In the face of trauma, humans seek answers. Millers parents are Stevie S. and Rebecca Miller. Schobers mother is Charlotte Lynn Baker. In addition to the prison sentence, Smoker was ordered to pay $7,286 restitution. Now that we have a translator, we have set up a GoFundMe to help cover the costs, as translating, editing and then creating an audio, is a time-consuming and costly process. Robinsons parents are Richard Lashay Robinson and Aimee Michelle Colindres. Investigators learned she never made it to her youth social gathering. Why Sasha? 114 Vernon Pope. Graves parents are Donald Frederick and Jennifer Lynn Graves. Speigles parents John Dalton and Vanessa Karilynn Speigle. (Lancaster County District Attorney's Office). Kosticks parents are Anthony Joseph and Joanne Elaine Kostick. , same address. Security footage from a business on that portion of Hess Road showed Smokers vehicle in the area that night. The judge gave him a lesser sentence than the case warranted in hopes of giving justo another chance at life. Whites parents are Steven Brian White and Janice Lynn Haldeman. Investigators are asking anyone who might have seen Smoker or his red Kia Rio sedan around the time Stoltzfoos was abducted, and in the days after, to contact police at 717-291-4676, East Lampeter Township Police said. My longest ride was the Black Rock ride, which was 125 miles long. John Clark Myers, of 10 S. Spruce Road, Lititz, and Samantha Rae Buckwalter, of 13 Elser Hill Road, Lititz. 121 East Main St.New Holland, PA 17557717-656-6717. Smokers parents are Lester D. and Rachel S. Smoker. Speigles parents John Dalton and Vanessa Karilynn Speigle. All Rights Reserved. Vd. Crimson Stain: The Shocking True Story of the Only Amish Man Ever Convicted of Homicide, by Jim Fisher, The GE Mound Case: The Archaeological Disaster and Criminal Persecution of Artifact Collector Art Gerber, "[A] powerful work . Smokert s testvrt, Victort azzal vdoltk, hogy 2006 nyarn golyspisztollyal raboltak ki ngy zletet. , of 3359 E. Gordon Road, Gordonville, and. Facebook gives people the power to share. Sagers parents are John Arvid Sager and Shirley Ann Dietz. I am better than this. Millers parents are Jonas Lee and Lillian R. Miller. Owens parents are Donald Paul and Sarah Audrey Owens. 2023 Cox Media Group. Horans parents are James Erich and Cynthia Ann Horan. Gap. 1, and Leah Elizabeth Young, same address. Millers parents are John S. and Naomi B. Miller. Circled in red, left in an aerial image and right in a crime scene photo, is the area behind the business where Smoker buried Stoltzfoos' remains, which were recovered in April 2021 after he led police to the spot. Pergoleses mother is Sandra Suny. Glicks parents are Eli K. and Rachel S. Glick. Waltons parents are Gerald Patrick and Dawn Marie Walton. Long's parents are George Michael Lough and Deborah Lynn Gill. The man who had seen the suspicious car in Ronks took a photo of the license plate the second time the vehicle showed up. Amish teen murder: Authorities found the undergarments of slain Amish teen Linda Stoltzfoos, 18, buried in a wooded area behind this Ronks, Pa., business. Samuel Blank, who spoke in court on behalf of Stoltzfoos family, said the family, who was not in court Friday, agreed with prosecutors decision to accept a plea. How can someone go so very wrong? Sometimes it's like skipping stones, as I watch people share and pass it on, creating a series of ripples that my little pebble, dropped in front of me, could never create. , same address. Pruskowskis parents are Jerome and Nancy Eileen Pruskowski. Can you help identify 2 people found dead in King County? Vernon D Smoker. Buckwalters parents are Mark Eugene and Frances Darlene Buckwalter. LANCASTER COUNTY, Pa. Justo Smoker cried Friday as he addressed the family and friends of Linda Stoltzfoos, the Amish teen he kidnapped and murdered last summer as she walked home from church in Pennsylvania. Prosecutors worked this time around to ensure that even without a death sentence, Smoker is likely to die behind bars. 49 East Main Street Leola,PA17540 717-656-7544. Business Coaching & Consulting to help you grow your business! Justo Smoker, 34, is charged in connection with the disappearance of Linda Stolzfoos, 18, an Amish woman who went missing on June 21 from the area of Bird-in-Hand, Lancaster County. Linda Stoltzfoos, 18, vanished June 21, 2020, as she walked the mile from church to her home, pictured, in Bird-in-Hand, Pa. Justo Smoker, 35, was sentenced Friday, July 23, 2021, to up to 71 years in prison for Stoltzfoos' kidnapping and murder. Smoker & Company LLC | 49 E Main St, Leola, PA 17540 | (717) 656-7544 | CPA & Accounting Firm in Lancaster County. Alleged Deception/Lies by Brian Ellis, Realtor, KellerWilliams, Between 2 Gods: (Free Book Draw &Give-aways), Justo Smoker: What we know about the man who kidnapped LindaStoltzfoos, 34-year-old Justo Smoker Charged in Linda StoltzfoosKidnapping, Linda Stoltzfoos, Amish girl kidnapped, Lancaster PA, 2020, Amish woman raped in Marshall County IN, 2019, Nationwide Fellowship woman, Sasha Krause Farmington NM, murdered, 2020, Affidavit of Probable Cause for Justo Smoker, found on Scribd, Lancaster County, PA News and Breaking News, Translate Between 2 Gods to Plautdeutsch (Low German), Follow A Splash of Love. Do you need a service other than Tax and Accounting? Raffertys parents are Mark Stephen and Joanne Marie Rafferty. Rutts parents are John Jacob and Andrea Burkholder Rutt. During the same period, the number of cases among people 65 and older grew more slowly, 387% . Stoltzfoos vanished June 21, 2020, as she walked home from church in nearby Bird-in-Hand. Cruzs parents are Carlos Felix and Margarita Cruz. (Lancaster County District Attorney's Office). Menu. Apply to Liaison, Payroll Coordinator, Chief People Officer and more! Sheaffers parents are Karl Blaine and Lisa Ann Sheaffer. Year Built: 1948. Stoltzfus parents are Sam and Bertha Stoltzfus. Mahlon Wayne Stoltzfus, of 28 Northview Road, Lititz, and Anna Marie King, of 507 May Post Office Road, Strasburg. John Maurice Maina, of 232 Gap Road, Ronks, and Karena Dara Spencer, same address. Steven Allen Bender, of 718 Lancaster Pike, New Providence, and Breanna Lynn McCullough, same address. Imlers parents are Dennis Allen and Mary Francis Imler. She had planned to pick up a dessert shed made for her youth group, which was meeting from 2 p.m. to 11 p.m. that afternoon. Weeks parents are William and Barbara Weeks. , same address. Burkholders parents are Elvin N. and Elva Jane S. Burkholder. Michael Tyler Pritchard, of 5287 Bossler Road, Elizabethtown, and Monika Anne Roschel, same address. , of 267 Brook Farms Road. Cerinos parents are Mark Steven and Lisa Marie Cerino. Vincent Norberto Torres, of 210 Perry St., Columbia, and Sherry Rae Hammill, same address. We would be happy to provide you with a free consultation. Gideon Smoker, of 14 Old Leacock Road, Ronks, and Barbara B. Miller, of 102 Christiana Pike, Christiana. Police are still seeking information to help close the case and find the missing woman. Tax Amount: $980.42. Armadillo Eggs . (One individual wrote that one grandparent was born into an Amish home, but left the Amish early on). , of 10 Farmland Road, Leola. Mahlon Ray Glick, of 51 Christiana Pike, Christiana, and Ruth Marie Fisher, of 3217B Old Philadelphia Pike, Ronks. LANCASTER COUNTY, Pa. Justo Smoker of Paradise Township is now in custody at Lancaster County Prison for the death and kidnapping of Linda Stoltzfoos, who is the Amish woman who disappeared in June 2020. Myers parents Mark Edward and Karen Elizabeth Myers. , same address. Mbatias parents are Mbatia Kuria and Victoria Karuhi Kayere. Zebleys parents are David and Lynne Zebley. 2216 Old Philadelphia Pike, LANCASTER, PA 17602-3417 View Address. DEVELOPING: Two sources close to the investigation of missing person Linda Stoltzfoos say they expect a development in the case to be announced imminently by police. Possible Relatives: Carolyn P S . The brothers robbed four different businesses and farm markets in a six-day stretch between August 8, 2006 and August 13, 2006, the news outlet reported. The morning of the crime, he went to Dollar General and bought a pack of eight pairs of nitrile disposable gloves, three pairs of black shoelaces and two pairs of black boot laces. It is normal for people to try and make sense of the why and how of tragedies such as this one. Some of the witnesses saw Stoltzfoos, still in her church clothes, in the passenger seat of the car. To learn more about our locations or the services we offer, please contact us today. The Mammoth Book of True Crime: True Stories of Bad Behavior, The Mammoth Book of Murder: True Stories of Violent Death, The GE Mound Case: The Archaeological Disaster and Criminal Persecution of Artifact Collector Art Gerber (2013). Woodside-Nelsons parents are Bruce Alan Woodside and Carol May Nelson-Riggins. According to Lancaster County District Attorney Heather Adams, DNA samples taken from the bra found on Harvest Road matched Justo Smoker. Holmgrens parents are David Joseph Holmgren and Karen Lavinia Cahill. A thin rope connected each of the bindings together and was looped around her neck. 2023United Way of Lancaster County. East Lampeter Twp police at home of Linda Stoltzfoos after human remains found in Eastern Lancaster Co DA says related to her disappearance 10 mos ago @WGAL pic.twitter.com/tG63HtIRCM. Tyler Walton, of 14 Jade Drive, Lititz, and Sabrina Hanna, same address. , no address provided. Ryan Christopher Lefever, of 208 Old Trinity Place, and Sara Kathryn Young, same address. There was an error processing your request. Swishers parents are Donald Douglas Swisher and Cindy Jo Gettler. @FOX43 pic.twitter.com/BXeNfTSp6H. Curls parents are Mark David Curl and Berndatte Bowman Davis. Andrew P. Buchanan, of 103 Cindy Lane, and Emmaleigh C. Hershey, of 1225 Penn Grant Road. , same address. From September 23-25, 19 riders will ride in relay format from Lancaster, PA to the aha! She was last seen at a farm in Bird-in-Hand, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, wearing a tan dress, white apron, and black head covering. Before that, he was living on the street, just trying to survive, his defense attorney, Cory Miller, told a judge when Smoker appeared in court to be sentenced on robbery charges in 2007, according to Lancaster Online. The nature of the money trouble was not mentioned. Galianos parents are Joseph and Bernadette Galiano. , of 3984 Robin Hood Way, Skyesville, Md. Benders parents are David Allen Bebder and Cheryl Lynn George. Amish teen murder: Justo Smoker, left, and his brother, Victor Smoker, were convicted of several robberies they committed together in 2006 and sent to prison. Wenrichs parents are Noel Richard Wenrich and Julie Ann Miller. At Smokers May 2007 sentencing hearing, Deb Smoker told the court her son had been trouble since we got him. Still, she and her husband and their extended family stood by him and asked the judge for mercy, according to a 2007 Lancaster Online story. Emersons parents are Richard Franklin and Susan Marie Emerson. We believe there needs to be a punishment for the crime, but I would ask you, I guess, to be merciful towards him," said Deb Vernon at Smoker's sentencing back in 2007. Justo Smoker, 34, of Paradise Township, was charged Monday, Dec. 21, 2020, with killing Linda Stoltzfoos, who disappeared June 21, 2020. Stoltzfus parents are Sam and Bertha Stoltzfus. Porchers parents are Glen Victor Hughes and Darletta Yvet Randall-Hughes. Allow us to help you to make informed investment decisions. Kings parents are Daniel P. and Barbara R. King. Dexter Wade Zimmerman, of 620 S. Cocalico Road, Denver, and Kelsey Nicole Rutt, of 316 Ridge Ave., Ephrata. By the time he graduated, Smoker achieved a 3.0 GPA, and received a senior spotlight in his high school yearbook. Smoker graduated from Pequea Valley High School, where he maintained a 3.0 grade point average while wrestling on the school team. Perverse as it sounds, that is what some want, and they get some thrill out of the attention and publicity. Gates parents are Robert Steven and Gloria Ann Gates. We may have you covered. Regarding the charges against Justo Smoker in relation to the disappearance of Linda Stotlzfoos, a link I found to give specific and helpful information is the Affidavit of Probable Cause for Justo Smoker, found on Scribd. (Google). Vernon Deb Smoker Justo Smoker: What we know about the man who kidnapped Linda Stoltzfoos July 14, 2020 Splsh4Ripls 1 Comment Since posting my blog 34-year-old Justo Smoker Charged in Linda Stoltzfoos Kidnapping, people have been sending me snippets of Justo's backstory. Click on one of the riders to be taken to their page. Zachary Douglas White, of 451 W. High St., Apt. Julians parents are Frank and Elizabeth Julian. LITERARY QUOTATIONS: GENRE is a compilation of informative and entertaining quotes by writers, editors, critics, journalists, and literary agents on the subject of literary genre. Theres really no logical explanation for what happened, Tallarico said. , of of 2864 Old Philadelphia Pike, Bird-in-Hand, and. Success! Eli Jr. Glick, of 511 Millport Road, Lititz, and Kathryn B. Miller, of 54 Christiana Pike, Christiana. Smiths parents are Karl McClellan Smith and Tammy Lynn Agesen. , of 3946 E. Newport Road, Gordonville, and. Tutins parents are Dennis and Ruth Tutin. When such violence as a kidnapping (Linda Stoltzfoos, Amish girl kidnapped, Lancaster PA, 2020), rape (Amish woman raped in Marshall County IN, 2019) or murder (Nationwide Fellowship woman, Sasha Krause Farmington NM, murdered, 2020) does happen, the shock waves ripple throughout the community, and through the public. Tonight I prayed that, if she is still alive, that God would help her escape. Tackling the problem of sexual abuse is a difficult but necessary one. Investigators believed her body had been moved from its original burial site on Harvest Road. Bryants parents are Boyd Eugene and Elizabeth Bryant. Obituary Archive - Halverson Funeral Home offers one variety of funeral services, from traditional funerals to competitively priced cremations, serving Somerset, PA and the surrounding our. Billerbecks parents are Curvin Lee and Laverne Martin Hoover. She became so concerned that she walked to a group of fishermen for safety before heading to a nearby barn to get out of the drivers view. Gebauers parents are Sean Eric and Annette Gail Gebauer. Ethan Ryan Buller, of 121 Maplewood Lane, P.O. The footage was grainy, but enhancement of the video showed details of the Rio, including a sticker on the back, a missing hubcap and damage on one of the cars rocker panels, that helped detectives tie the vehicle to Smoker. Zooks parents are Leroy G. and Sadie S. Zook. (They were not any form of Amish or conservative Mennonite at any point in Justos life, I am told, and their church changed its name in recent years to a community church, however they remain part of a Mennonite governing body). Certainly there are dysfunctions among them and there is abuse, as there is in every people group, but their strong stand on non-resistance and limited social interactions with the world make them an unlikely target. Law enforcement and other community groups have searched extensively since June to bring Linda Stoltzfoos home. Posted on October 31, 2017 by Pennsylvania Death Notices. Buckwalters parents are Kyle David and Annette Rachelle Buckwalter. Zimmermans parents are Roy Linford and Suzanne Eberly Zimmerman. Tallarico sees his client in a more favorable light. , same address. He also committed a burglary and a robbery in 2005, his court documents indicated. Built by Amish craftsmen in the heart of Lancaster County. If You're Not Born With a Silver Spoon, Steal One. well researched . On April 22, 2021, searchers found Linda Stoltzfoos' body wrapped in a tarp buried 42 inches in the ground behind Dutchland, Inc., the company in Gap that had employed Smoker. Youngs parents are Stephen Scott and Michelle Alisa Young. A 34 ves Justo Smoker ellen pnteken vdat emeltek . Buckleys parents are Alan Dale and Jennifer Joy Buckley. Police never gave up the search for 18-year-old Linda Stolzfoos, who was last seen walking home from church, according to the East Lampeter Township Police Department. I pray she is one of those. Matthew L. Getz, of 139 N. Barbara St., Mount Joy, and Jessica Nicole Senft, same address. Hahns parents are Andrew and Allison Hahn. , of 216 W. Fourth St., Apt. I robbed my own family of time and memories., Amish teen murder: Linda Stoltzfoos, 18, vanished June 21, 2020, as she walked the mile from church to her home, pictured, in Bird-in-Hand, Pa. Justo Smoker, 35, was sentenced Friday, July 23, 2021, to up to 71 years in prison for Stoltzfoos' kidnapping and murder. 77 Ethics Compliance $55,000 jobs available in Lancaster, PA on Indeed.com. Justo Smoker was arrested today and charged with kidnapping missing Amish girl Linda Stoltzfoos. Smiths parents are Karl McClellan Smith and Tammy Lynn Agesen. Stolztfoos father reported her missing when she did not return home after a youth group gathering late in the evening June 21, 2020. Zooks parents are Leroy G. and Sadie S. Zook. Since posting my blog 34-year-old Justo Smoker Charged in Linda StoltzfoosKidnapping, people have been sending me snippets of Justos backstory. The witnesses, who are Amish, immediately knew something was wrong. Zeamers parents are Chad Michael and Susan Marie Zeamer. Torres parents are Norberto and Maryann Torres. Genetic Testing Performed: Please review the list of genetic tests performed before choosing a donor because donors have different levels of testing. KIRO 7 News Seattle facebook feed(Opens a new window), KIRO 7 News Seattle twitter feed(Opens a new window), KIRO 7 News Seattle youtube feed(Opens a new window), Assistant Lancaster County District Attorney Todd Brown said in court. Advisory services offered through Cetera Investment Advisors LLC. View the profiles of people named Deb Smoker. Zimmermans parents are Roy Linford and Suzanne Eberly Zimmerman. Are Newspapers Going the Way of Drive-In Theaters? I am currently an electrician from Gap which is in the Pequea Valley School District. Dechants parents are Kevin Dechant and Cheryl Snyder. , of 316 Ridge Ave., Ephrata. Home; Categories. , of 1225 Penn Grant Road. His parents said he developed a drug habit in high school, however, and by age 21, he was in prison for committing several robberies with his younger brother, Victor Smoker. , of 121 Maplewood Lane, P.O. Cetera is under separate ownership from any other entity. Please pray for them and for this project. Surveillance footage and witness accounts led investigators to Smoker, 34, of Paradise, Pennsylvania. Burkharts parents are Micheal John Burkhart and Ramona Morrison. Select this result to view Jennifer Marie Smoker's phone number, address . He was named to the Lancaster Lebanon all-star team in 2003. Glenn S. Burkholder, of 649 N. Railroad Ave., New Holland, and Janice Arlene Hoover, of 490 Laurel Road, Narvon. Emersons parents are Richard Franklin and Susan Marie Emerson. Millers mother is Virginia Murray. Justo Smoker/Justo Smoker's Kia Rio. , of 507 May Post Office Road, Strasburg. Roschels parents are Steven Eugene and Lori Anne Roschel. Nolts parents are Lawrence Newswanger and Martha Burkholder Nolt. Whites parents are Steven Brian White and Janice Lynn Haldeman.