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Simon Cameron, the Secretary of War, responded to Butlers inquiry, affirming his actions and instructing him to prevent the continued building of enemy fortifications, by refraining from surrendering to alleged masters any persons who may come within your lines.5 Thus, Butlers characterization of runaway slaves as enemy propertyand therefore contraband of warbecame a precedent for the treatment of runaway slaves. See Christian Science Reading Room listings in current edition of the Christian Science Journal. A review in. [73], Mary Gould, a Spiritualist from Lynn, claimed that one of the spirits that Eddy channeled was Abraham Lincoln. "[89][non-primary source needed], Eddy devoted the rest of her life to the establishment of the church, writing its bylaws, The Manual of The Mother Church, and revising Science and Health. Powell was an Episcopal clergyman and college president, as well as a prolific writer. These reminiscences also provide valuable insight into the accomplishments of their authors and paint a picture of the early Christian Science movement. Tomlinson. "[137], A 1907 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association noted that Eddy exhibited hysterical and psychotic behavior. [133] Towards the end of her life she was frequently attended by physicians. An author identifying as an independent Christian Scientist, Keyston offers a narrative of Mary Baker Eddys healing work across her lifetime. Eddy was born Mary Morse Baker in a farmhouse in Bow, New Hampshire, to farmer Mark Baker (d.1865) and his wife Abigail Barnard Baker, ne Ambrose (d.1849). This work challenges Edwin Dakins Mrs. Eddy: The Biography of a Virginal Mind. She made use of numerous archives and studied many of the biographies of Eddy that preceded her own. [118] According to Eddy it was important to challenge animal magnetism, because, as Gottschalk says, its "apparent operation claims to have a temporary hold on people only through unchallenged mesmeric suggestion. [138] Psychiatrist Karl Menninger in his book The Human Mind (1927) cited Eddy's paranoid delusions about malicious animal magnetism as an example of a "schizoid personality". This website uses cookies to improve functionality and performance. By However, it was based on a concise linear biography, to which the author added her interpretations of events in Eddys life. The first volume of the expanded edition contains all the reminiscences from the original series, with additional content added from the original manuscripts; it also includes four previously unpublished reminiscences. But it suffers from reliance on the factual inaccuracies of books by Georgine Milmine and Edwin Dakin. A journalist and author, Beasley had written several biographies and histories before this book. Peel attempted to place Eddy in the context of her times and to consider the implications of her ideas for contemporary readers. "[49] However, Gill continued: "I am now firmly convinced, having weighed all the evidence I could find in published and archival sources, that Mrs. Eddys most famous biographer-criticsPeabody, Milmine, Dakin, Bates and Dittemore, and Gardnerhave flouted the evidence and shown willful bias in accusing Mrs. Eddy of owing her theory of healing to Quimby and of plagiarizing his unpublished work. Mary Baker Eddy ( ne Baker; July 16, 1821 - December 3, 1910) was an American religious leader and author who founded The Church of Christ, Scientist, in New England in 1879. While it does not include new information, the book seeks to place Mary Baker Eddy and her achievements in a broader comparative perspective than some earlier treatments. . Evidence suggests that she paid for at least some of the interviews she conducted. Behind her Victorian-era velvet and lace dress was a 21st century power suit. He left his entire estate to George Sullivan Baker, Mary's brother, and a token $1.00 to Mary and each of her two sisters, a common practice at the time, when male heirs inherited everything. The book was published by Vermont Schoolhouse Press, a publishing company that Parsons founded. [83] On this issue Swami Abhedananda wrote: Mrs. Eddy quoted certain passages from the English edition of the Bhagavad-Gita, but unfortunately, for some reason, those passages of the Gita were omitted in the 34th edition of the book, Science and Health if we closely study Mrs. Eddy's book, we find that Mrs. Eddy has incorporated in her book most of the salient features of Vedanta philosophy, but she denied the debt flatly.[84]. Eddy and her father reportedly had a volatile relationship. Her first advertisement as a healer appeared in 1868, in the Spiritualist paper, The Banner of Light. Mary Baker Eddy. Beasley 1963, 82; Koestler-Grack 2004, 52, 56. "[135] During the course of the legal case, four psychiatrists interviewed Eddy, then 86 years old, to determine whether she could manage her own affairs, and concluded that she was able to. It was donated to the Library in 2003 and accessioned into our Art & Artifact Collection. The book was initially published by Macmillan, and has since been published by The Christian Science Publishing Society, with major revisions in 1950 and 1991. The book was considered controversial at the time, because it made use of Eddys unpublished correspondence without permission from the Christian Science Board of Directors. [148], A bronze memorial relief of Eddy by Lynn sculptor Reno Pisano was unveiled in December, 2000, at the corner of Market Street and Oxford Street in Lynn near the site of her fall in 1866. Some of the reminiscences began as talks, given in meetings held during The Mother Churchs Annual Meetings between 1937 and 1946 and then published in the Christian Science Sentinel. Phineas Quimby died on January 16, 1866, shortly after Eddy's father. The book offers new spiritual insights on the scriptures and briefs the reader with regard to his . This biography is excerpted from his 800-page reminiscence, one of the lengthiest of anyone who worked with Mary Baker Eddy. Eddy wrote to one of her brothers: "What is left of earth to me!" The question became more difficult in the case of those escaping from masters loyal to the US government; Butler was instructed to keep detailed records, with names and descriptions of the former slaves and their masters. [110] Eddy had agreed to form a partnership with Kennedy in 1870, in which she would teach him how to heal, and he would take patients. Arthur Brisbane, "An Interview with Mrs. Eddy,". [123] They contend that it is "neither mysterious nor complex" and compare it to Paul's discussion of "the carnal mindenmity against God" in the Bible. This brief color-illustrated book for children was the first effort to tell Mary Baker Eddys life story in picture book form. (April 10, 1952) commented favorably on dHumys thesis, that Eddys achievements were motivated by her love for humanity. 210 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 | 617-450-7000 American founder of Christian Science (18211910). [77], Eddy divorced Daniel Patterson for adultery in 1873. This is an excerpt from the Longyear documentary \"The House on Broad Street,\" where we learn about Mary Baker Eddy's time in Lynn, MA. As this is exposed and rejected, she maintained, the reality of God becomes so vivid that the magnetic pull of evil is broken, its grip on ones mentality is broken, and one is freer to understand that there can be no actual mind or power apart from God. Mark Twain writes a screed against Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of Christian Science. [74] In these later sances, Eddy would attempt to convert her audience into accepting Christian Science. Mary Baker Eddy to Benjamin F. Butler, August 17, 1861, L02683. His book is a sympathetic account that focuses on the years 18701875, making use of Eddys correspondence and early teaching manuscripts in his possession. Mary Baker Eddy: Writing Science and Health 6,747 views Feb 6, 2020 Like Dislike Share Save Longyear Museum 791 subscribers This is an excerpt from the Longyear documentary "The House on Broad. [82][third-party source needed]. (1983). [149][150][151], In 1921, on the 100th anniversary of Eddy's birth, a 100-ton (in rough) and 6070 tons (hewn) pyramid with a 121 square foot (11.2m2) footprint was dedicated on the site of her birthplace in Bow, New Hampshire. This manuscript she permitted some of her pupils to copy. This book was published posthumously by The Christian Science Publishing Society in 1945, with an amplified edition issued in 1994. This book was published posthumously by The Christian Science Publishing Society in 1945, with an amplified edition issued in 1994. Since that time, attitudes have changed, and excerpts from Dickeys book were included in We Knew Mary Baker Eddy, Expanded Edition, Volume II (2013). Part 4 focuses on the house in Stoughton, Massachusetts, and the 19th-century "gig economy.". [28] She wrote: A few months before my father's second marriage my little son, about four years of age, was sent away from me, and put under the care of our family nurse, who had married, and resided in the northern part of New Hampshire. The result was a concise biography featuring brief explanations of Christian Science teaching. Their former possessors and owners have causelessly, traitorously, rebelliously, and, to carry out the figure practically abandoned them to be swallowed up by the Winter storm of starvation. While many of those reminiscences deal with the business of bookmaking, they also include his meetings with Eddy. The Mary Baker Eddy Papers project draws on a vast collection of letters and documents. I had no training for self-support, and my home I regarded as very precious. The book was issued by Library Publishers of New York. This trilogy represented the first biography of Mary Baker Eddy since the 1950s that was authored by a former member of The Mother Church. Its influence on subsequent biographies and perceptions of Eddy has been surprisingly enduring. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. Cather and Milmine, 1909. Mary Baker Eddy's life stands as a remarkable story of courage and triumph against tremendous odds. Give us in the field or forum a brave Ben Butler and our Country is saved.. He also recounts daily life and work as a member of Eddys household staff, including her final years in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts. Her series became the basis for the book. A deeper inquiry into her correspondence with Butler, and his role in defending the rights of Black men and women, places Eddy within a broader national conversation around slavery, property, and the Civil War. But it was not published at that time. [139], Psychologists Leon Joseph Saul and Silas L. Warner, in their book The Psychotic Personality (1982), came to the conclusion that Eddy had diagnostic characteristics of Psychotic Personality Disorder (PPD). A former Director of The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Dittemore financed the publication of this book over a decade after he was removed from that office. Every means within my power was employed to find him, but without success. It was published by Indiana University Press. Bancroft studied with Mary Baker Eddy in 1870. "[118] Critics such as Georgine Milmine in Mclure's, Edwin Dakin, and John Dittemore, all claimed this was evidence that Eddy had a great fear of malicious animal magnetism; although Gilbert Carpenter, one of Eddy's staff at the time, insisted she was not fearful of it, and that she was simply being vigilant. Smillies interests in Anglo-Israelism, pyramidology, apocalypticism, and remnant theology provide the esoteric lens through which he evaluates Eddys life and significance. At the mid-point of her life, a transformative healing through spiritual means alone set her on a new course. According to the Flesh marked the third biography of Eddy published within a single year, and the delay in publication proved fatal to its commercial success and legacy. If property, do they not become the property of the salvors? dHumy was not a Christian Scientist. "[90] In 1879 she and her students established the Church of Christ, Scientist, "to commemorate the word and works of our Master [Jesus], which should reinstate primitive Christianity and its lost element of healing. Her mother's death was followed three weeks later by the death of her fianc, lawyer John Bartlett. This book is sometimes characterized as a spiritual autobiography, more focused on metaphysics than history. Eddy separated from her second husband Daniel Patterson, after which she boarded for four years with several families in Lynn, Amesbury, and elsewhere. The expanded editions (Volumes I and II) appeared in 2011 and 2013, respectively. Frank Podmore wrote: But she was never able to stay long in one family. This biography is excerpted from his 800-page reminiscence, one of the lengthiest of anyone who worked with Mary Baker Eddy. by Isabel Ferguson (19352010) and Heather Vogel Frederick (b. After learning that their master, Colonel Charles Mallory, planned to send them further from home to build fortifications in North Carolina, the young men had made arrangements to flee to the Union forces across the river.2, As commander of the fort, Butler had only arrived a day ahead of the fugitive slaves, and as a Democrat lawyer from Massachusetts was far from the abolitionist champion the men likely hoped to encounter. [115] This gained notoriety in a case irreverently dubbed the "Second Salem Witch Trial". [80] In 1881, Mary Baker Eddy started the Massachusetts Metaphysical College with a charter from the state which allowed her to grant degrees. Today, the religion she founded has more than 1,700 churches and branches in 80 countries. Accounts of Eddy's life and ideas by a variety of authors have been published for over 130 years. Mark Twain and Mary Baker Eddy Drama Mark Twain writes a screed against Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of Christian Science. This self-published book is Smillies interpretation of Mary Baker Eddys place in biblical prophecy. This biography first appeared in 1907 as a series of articles in McClures, a popular monthly magazine. The stated reason for the litigation was to enable Eddys sons to take control of her estate. Peel was a historian and journalist. Such was the case with one object in our collectiona plate painted with Mary Baker Eddy's portrait. Frederick Douglass denounced the act as not going far enough, believing its eventual significance hinged on Lincolns enforcement of the law.11 Other ardent abolitionists viewed the underlying structure of Butlers policy as offensive to the moral argument against slavery, based on the equality of Black and white individuals before God. Lord was secretary to Archibald McLellan when he was editor-in-chief of the Christian Science periodicals. [71] According to Cather and Milmine, Mrs. Richard Hazeltine attended seances at Clark's home,[72] and she said that Eddy had acted as a trance medium, claiming to channel the spirits of the Apostles. Eddy was the youngest of the Bakers' six children: boys Samuel Dow (1808), Albert (1810), and George Sullivan (1812), followed by girls Abigail Barnard (1816), Martha Smith (1819), and Mary Morse (1821). Peel addressed many controversies about Eddy, including characterizations of her as a hysteric, neglectful mother, plagiarist, power-hungry authoritarian, and drug addict. Clear rating. Page 317 and 318: MARY BAKER EDDY: HER SPIRITUAL FOOT. She differed with him in some key areas, however, such as specific healing techniques. Her death was announced the next morning, when a city medical examiner was called in. She wrote numerous books and articles, the most notable of which was Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, which had sold over nine million copies as of 2001.[3]. Biographers Ernest Sutherland Bates and Edwin Franden Dakin described Eddy as a morphine addict. Wilson, Sheryl C; Barber, Theodore X. Page 319 and 320: [33] Eddy did not immediately go, instead trying the water cure at Dr. Vail's Hydropathic Institute, but her health deteriorated even further. Her account was advertised as not another biography, but rather a chronicle of the upward path taken by Mary Baker Eddy, the Discoverer and Founder of Christian Science (Christian Science Sentinel, September 14, 1946). Eddy wrote the movement's textbook Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (first published 1875) and founded the Church of Christ, Scientist in 1879. Soul of A Woman - The Life and Times of Mary Baker Eddy American Movement 4.92K subscribers Subscribe 549 49K views 8 years ago A brief look at the life of Mary Baker Eddy - Discoverer. [108], Animal magnetism became one of the most controversial aspects of Eddy's life. On August 17, 1861, Eddy wrote to Butler, the Massachusetts lawyer serving as a Union Army General: Permit me individually, and as a representative of thousands of my sex in your native State to tender the homage and gratitude due to one of her noblest Sons, who so bravely vindicated the claims of humanity.1 The purpose of Eddys letter was to thank Butler for the stance he had taken in defending the freedoms of runaway slaves who had found refuge in Union territory. Today, her influence can still be seen throughout the American religious landscape. A journalist and former Mother Church member, Studdert Kennedy attempted a favorable biography of Mary Baker Eddy. She had no access to the Church archives or other original material and relied heavily on secondary sources, particularly Robert Peels trilogy. [32] Quimby replied that he had too much work in Portland, Maine, and that he could not visit her, but if Patterson brought his wife to him he would treat her. At age 89, Mary Baker Eddy died on December 3, 1910, and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. [118] Gill writes that Eddy got the term from the New Testament account of the garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus chastises his disciples for being unable to "watch" even for a short time; and that Eddy used it to refer to "a particularly vigilant and active form of prayer, a set period of time when specific people would put their thoughts toward God, review questions and problems of the day, and seek spiritual understanding. He did not have access to the archives of The Mother Church, and the healings he presents include both authentic and unauthenticated accounts. [153] Eddy is featured on a New Hampshire historical marker (number 105) along New Hampshire Route 9 in Concord. Thomas is especially interested in Eddys relationships with people such as James F. Gilman, Augusta H. Stetson, and Josephine C. Woodbury. You must imbibe it to be healed. According to eyewitness reports cited by Cather and Milmine, Eddy was still attending sances as late as 1872. This position focuses on verifying transcriptions and transcribing correspondence and can be performed remotely. Johnston was a Christian Science practitioner and teacher, the daughter of a student of Mary Baker Eddy. Refresh and try again. This pamphlet was Mary Baker Eddys first extended effort to answer questions about her life and the history of the Christian Science movement. From that moment, she wanted to know how she had been healed. All rights reserved. A journalist, Wilbur first began writing about Mary Baker Eddy in Human Life magazine in December 1906, countering articles that the New York World had published about Christian Science and Eddy. For in some early editions of Science and Health she had quoted from and commented favorably upon a few Hindu and Buddhist texts None of these references, however, was to remain a part of Science and Health as it finally stood Increasingly from the mid-1880s on, Mrs Eddy made a sharp distinction between Christian Science and Eastern religions. "[121], The belief in malicious animal magnetism "remains a part of the doctrine of Christian Science. In the 24th edition of Science and Health, up to the 33rd edition, Eddy admitted the harmony between Vedanta philosophy and Christian Science. A teacher, historian, and former library director of the New Hampshire Historical Society, Wallner focused solely on the Next Friends Suit in writing this book. [31], My dominant thought in marrying again was to get back my child, but after our marriage his stepfather was not willing he should have a home with me. A journalist, Milmine scoured New England, primarily in search of hostile testimony about Mary Baker Eddy. Accordingly, she produced an uncomplicated biography for a young-adult audience, enhanced by plenty of illustrations and photographs to capture their imagination. The home is now used as the residence for the First Reader . Mary Baker Eddy was no ordinary woman. [20], She was received into the Congregational church in Tilton on July 26, 1838, when she was 17, according to church records published by McClure's in 1907. Also see Robert Hall. Sign in to rate and Watchlist for personalized recommendations. At one point he picked up a periodical, selected at random a paragraph, and asked Eddy to read it. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our, https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2018666400/, https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/92515012/, Mary Baker Eddys support for emancipation, Non-profit Web Development by Boxcar Studio, Translation support by WPML.org the Wordpress multilingual plugin. Two days later, Cameron wrote to Butler, outlining its central tenets and approving Butlers recent appeal. One by-product of its youthful presentation is that it can also serve as a simple introduction to Eddys life for a variety of readers. [15][16] Robert Peel, one of Eddy's biographers, worked for the Christian Science church and wrote in 1966: This was when life took on the look of a nightmare, overburdened nerves gave way, and she would end in a state of unconsciousness that would sometimes last for hours and send the family into a panic. On August 17, 1861, Eddy wrote to Butler, the Massachusetts lawyer serving as a Union Army General: "Permit me individually, and as a representative of thousands of my sex in your native State- to tender . The nascent intellectual in Mary rebelled against the concept of . In the early years Eddy served as pastor. Eddy was with him in Wilmington, six months pregnant. [124][third-party source needed], There is controversy about how much Eddy used morphine. Abstract. Though not strictly a biography, it tracks Mary Baker Eddys career as a teacher and religious leader after her 1866 discovery of Christian Science. According to the story passed along with this object, one Mr. Lenox (presumably Walter Scott Lenox, founder of the Lenox Corporation) 1 made the plate . Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. 210 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 | 617-450-7000 There are also some instances of Protestant ministers using the Christian Science textbook [Science and Health], or even the weekly Bible lessons, as the basis for some of their sermons. During these years she carried about with her a copy of one of Quimby's manuscripts giving an abstract of his philosophy. [134], In 1907, the New York World sponsored a lawsuit, known as "The Next Friends suit", which journalist Erwin Canham described as "designed to wrest from [Eddy] and her trusted officials all control of her church and its activities. [85] The historian Damodar Singhal wrote: The Christian Science movement in America was possibly influenced by India. Four years later the sketch was revised and published as a book. The Mary Baker Eddy Library 557 views3 years ago Faith, Freedom, and the Great WarReligious Meaning in World War I The Mary Baker Eddy Library 1.1K views4 years ago 100 years of Christian. His access to the archives of The Mother Church enabled him to cite many previously unknown and unpublished documents. "Sacred Texts in the United States". This chronology provides information on authors, publishers, and the variety of approaches to her story. [59], After she became well known, reports surfaced that Eddy was a medium in Boston at one time. "[128], Eddy recommended to her son that, rather than go against the law of the state, he should have her grandchildren vaccinated. This was the first biography of Eddy to make use of research conducted at The Mary Baker Eddy Library. The night before my child was taken from me, I knelt by his side throughout the dark hours, hoping for a vision of relief from this trial. [106][107] Eddy was concerned that a new practitioner could inadvertently harm a patient through unenlightened use of their mental powers, and that less scrupulous individuals could use them as a weapon. Evidence suggests that he borrowed from William Lyman Johnsons The History of Christian Science Movement (1926) and Bliss Knapps Ira Oscar Knapp and Flavia Stickney Knapp (1925). [1] She also founded The Christian Science Monitor, a Pulitzer Prize-winning secular newspaper,[2] in 1908, and three religious magazines: the Christian Science Sentinel, The Christian Science Journal, and The Herald of Christian Science. [131] She found she could read fine print with ease. Two thousand copies were printed and distributed to Dickeys pupils (he was a teacher of Christian Science)without the consent of the Christian Science Board of Directors, who were concerned that its contents could be used to attack and ridicule Eddy because of its focus on the challenges she faced. It was republished as a book in 1909 and has since been reprinted several times. [75] Eddy showed extensive familiarity with Spiritualist practice but denounced it in her Christian Science writings. Do you have questions or comments for The Mary Baker Eddy Library? To learn more about this position and to apply, click here. A large gathering of people outside Mary Baker Eddys Pleasant View home, July 8, 1901. Wendell Thomas in Hinduism Invades America (1930) suggested that Eddy may have discovered Hinduism through the teachings of the New England Transcendentalists such as Bronson Alcott. For over 60 years Orcutt was involved with the publication of Mary Baker Eddys writings, first at University Press until 1910, and then at Plimpton Press. He cites the diaries of Calvin Frye, Eddys longtime aide, as the sources for these claims, but they are not found in any of those diaries. [7] She was also the cousin of U.S. Representative Henry M. Baker[8]. [112] Although there were multiple issues raised, the main reason for the break according to Gill was Eddy's insistence that Kennedy stop "rubbing" his patient's head and solar plexus, which she saw as harmful since, as Gill states, "traditionally in mesmerism or hypnosis the head and abdomen were manipulated so that the subject would be prepared to enter into trance. We Knew Mary Baker Eddy was originally published as a series of four short books in 1943, 1950, 1953, and 1972. [78] Eddy charged her students $300 each for tuition, a large sum for the time. Part 2 features the Mary Baker Historic House in Amesbury, Massachusetts, and Part 3 the house in North Groton, New Hampshire. Other writers, such as Jyotirmayananda Saraswati, have said that Eddy may have been influenced by Hindu philosophy. 2023 The Mary Baker Eddy Library. While Peels trilogy has proved an essential resource for biographers on Eddy, and is frequently cited, some have criticized it as too sympathetic toward its subject. Silberger, a psychiatrist, used original documentation from Robert Peels trilogy. They included a large number of negroes, composed, in a great measure, of women and children of the men who had fled thither within my lines for protection, who had escaped from marauding parties of rebels who had been gathering up able-bodied blacks to aid them in constructing their batteries on the James and York Rivers.6 Having employed the former slaves himself to build entrenchments, Butler praised them for working zealously and efficiently at that duty, saving our soldiers from that labor, under the gleam of the mid-day sun.. by Yvonne Cach von Fettweis (19352014) and Robert Townsend Warneck (b. [140] In 1983, psychologists Theodore Barber and Sheryl C. Wilson suggested that Eddy displayed traits of a fantasy prone personality. He also made extensive use of questionable anecdotes in the biographies of Georgine Milmine and Edwin Dakin to create this psychological portrait. No longer under ownership of any kind, the fearful relicts of fugitive masters, have they not by their masters acts and the state of war assumed the condition, which we hold to be the normal one, of those made in Gods image? Her husband's death, the journey back, and the birth left her physically and mentally exhausted, and she ended up bedridden for months. The Mary Baker Eddy Papers is a major effort to annotate and digitally publish correspondence . She had to make her way back to New Hampshire, 1,400 miles (2,300km) by train and steamboat, where her only child George Washington II was born on September 12 in her father's home.[24][25]. [142] Psychopharmacologist Ronald K. Siegel has written that Eddy's lifelong secret morphine habit contributed to her development of "progressive paranoia". [143], Eddy died of pneumonia on the evening of December 3, 1910, at her home at 400 Beacon Street, in the Chestnut Hill section of Newton, Massachusetts.